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<p>This study investigated how local community members’ socio-demographic and economic characteristics influence their attitudes towards ecotourism development. Guided by a complemented theoretical framework that draws on Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Place Attachment Theory (PAT), it explored the perceived environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs and benefits of ecotourism through data collected from 120 local community members using a well-structured survey questionnaire. The respondents were randomly selected from three rest points (Ghandruk, Landruk, and Dhampus) along the Annapurna Sanctuary Trail in the Himalayan region of Nepal. The study revealed that socio-demographic and economic factors such as age, marital status, caste/ethnicity, education level, tourism-based occupation, household income, and duration of residence significantly influence the perceived environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs and benefits of ecotourism and the attitudes towards its development along the Annapurna Sanctuary Trail. Local community members viewed ecotourism development positively when they perceived greater benefits than associated costs. The study suggests that policymakers should prioritise effective policies and planning to minimise various environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs for the sustainable development of ecotourism activities in the country.</p>

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Socio-demographic and economic factors determining perceived costs, benefits, and attitudes toward ecotourism development in Nepal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Surendra Tiwari,
  • Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen,
  • Ajay Thapa

摘要

This study investigated how local community members’ socio-demographic and economic characteristics influence their attitudes towards ecotourism development. Guided by a complemented theoretical framework that draws on Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Place Attachment Theory (PAT), it explored the perceived environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs and benefits of ecotourism through data collected from 120 local community members using a well-structured survey questionnaire. The respondents were randomly selected from three rest points (Ghandruk, Landruk, and Dhampus) along the Annapurna Sanctuary Trail in the Himalayan region of Nepal. The study revealed that socio-demographic and economic factors such as age, marital status, caste/ethnicity, education level, tourism-based occupation, household income, and duration of residence significantly influence the perceived environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs and benefits of ecotourism and the attitudes towards its development along the Annapurna Sanctuary Trail. Local community members viewed ecotourism development positively when they perceived greater benefits than associated costs. The study suggests that policymakers should prioritise effective policies and planning to minimise various environmental, economic, and socio-cultural costs for the sustainable development of ecotourism activities in the country.