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<p>Livelihood refers to the set of activities households engage in to sustain their living. The livelihood framework effectively illustrates livelihood assets, strategies, outcomes, and contextual factors. This study examines the challenges, prospects, and determining factors of urban livelihoods in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach was employed, including structured surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 229 households, representing 5% of Robe Town’s urban population, were sampled. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and quantile regression. The findings indicate that 21% of urban households rely solely on their primary occupation, while 79% have supplementary income sources. Both farm and nonfarm livelihood strategies are adopted, with nonfarm income contributing 62.23% and farm income 37.77% of total household earnings. The Gini coefficient was found to be 0.379, higher than the national average of 0.33, indicating significant income inequality. Quantile analysis revealed that the lowest-income 25% of households hold only 7.78% of the total income, whereas the wealthiest group accounts for 52.22%. Quantile regression results identify gender, age, education level, marital status, birthplace, main occupation type, number of working members, rural farming, urban agriculture, and nonfarm income sources as statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05) determinants of household income. The study highlights key policy implications, advocating for gender inclusion, investment in social services (education and healthcare), and improvements in physical infrastructure (roads, sewerage, and ICT) to enhance social, human, and physical capital. Strengthening rural-urban linkages is also crucial, as it enables households to diversify livelihood activities, mitigate economic vulnerability, generate additional wealth, and foster inclusive socioeconomic growth while reducing poverty levels.</p>

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Challenges and prospects of Urban Livelihood and Its Determinant Factors in Robe Town, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Zeleke Gonfa,
  • Samson Kassahun,
  • Kassahun Gashu

摘要

Livelihood refers to the set of activities households engage in to sustain their living. The livelihood framework effectively illustrates livelihood assets, strategies, outcomes, and contextual factors. This study examines the challenges, prospects, and determining factors of urban livelihoods in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach was employed, including structured surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 229 households, representing 5% of Robe Town’s urban population, were sampled. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and quantile regression. The findings indicate that 21% of urban households rely solely on their primary occupation, while 79% have supplementary income sources. Both farm and nonfarm livelihood strategies are adopted, with nonfarm income contributing 62.23% and farm income 37.77% of total household earnings. The Gini coefficient was found to be 0.379, higher than the national average of 0.33, indicating significant income inequality. Quantile analysis revealed that the lowest-income 25% of households hold only 7.78% of the total income, whereas the wealthiest group accounts for 52.22%. Quantile regression results identify gender, age, education level, marital status, birthplace, main occupation type, number of working members, rural farming, urban agriculture, and nonfarm income sources as statistically significant (P < 0.05) determinants of household income. The study highlights key policy implications, advocating for gender inclusion, investment in social services (education and healthcare), and improvements in physical infrastructure (roads, sewerage, and ICT) to enhance social, human, and physical capital. Strengthening rural-urban linkages is also crucial, as it enables households to diversify livelihood activities, mitigate economic vulnerability, generate additional wealth, and foster inclusive socioeconomic growth while reducing poverty levels.