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<p>An assessment by the World Health Organization found that climate change since the 1970s was causing over 140,000 excess deaths annually with developing countries contributing minimally to climate change. Ironically, these countries are disproportionately affected by the negative health impacts of climate change. To shed light on this paradox, the present study investigates climate change and its effect on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan African countries during the period from 2004 to 2019. Using the Driscoll-Kraay fixed effect and the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments regressions, the study finds that climate change significantly worsens health outcomes. Specifically, the prevalence of undernourishment, infant mortality rate, and malaria incidence are positively and significantly influenced by various climate change indicators. All else equal, a 1-unit rise in surface temperature increases undernourishment by 0.183, infant mortality by 0.363, and malaria incidence by 9.658. Conversely, life expectancy at birth is negatively and significantly affected with a 1-unit rise in surface temperature reducing life expectancy at birth by 0.129&#xa0;years. This imply that as climate change becomes more pronounced, health risks increase substantially, leading to a reduction in life expectancy. The results are validated through various robustness checks, and based on the findings, the study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive climate-resilient healthcare strategies.</p>

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Climate change and its effect on health outcomes: an empirical investigation of Sub-Saharan Africa countries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • Arsene Mouongue Kelly,
  • Nidel Lolita Wassou

摘要

An assessment by the World Health Organization found that climate change since the 1970s was causing over 140,000 excess deaths annually with developing countries contributing minimally to climate change. Ironically, these countries are disproportionately affected by the negative health impacts of climate change. To shed light on this paradox, the present study investigates climate change and its effect on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan African countries during the period from 2004 to 2019. Using the Driscoll-Kraay fixed effect and the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments regressions, the study finds that climate change significantly worsens health outcomes. Specifically, the prevalence of undernourishment, infant mortality rate, and malaria incidence are positively and significantly influenced by various climate change indicators. All else equal, a 1-unit rise in surface temperature increases undernourishment by 0.183, infant mortality by 0.363, and malaria incidence by 9.658. Conversely, life expectancy at birth is negatively and significantly affected with a 1-unit rise in surface temperature reducing life expectancy at birth by 0.129 years. This imply that as climate change becomes more pronounced, health risks increase substantially, leading to a reduction in life expectancy. The results are validated through various robustness checks, and based on the findings, the study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive climate-resilient healthcare strategies.