<p>The history of science, technology, and medicine in South Asia has gained significant academic recognition in recent decades, with particular emphasis on India’s contributions to global scientific discourse. Within this broader field, the history of agricultural science stands out as a crucial area of inquiry. Agriculture has traditionally been the backbone of the Indian economy, and from ancient times to the colonial period, it has held a central role in the country’s socio-economic fabric. Recognizing its importance, the British colonial administration initiated systematic efforts to reform and modernize Indian agriculture in the early nineteenth century. Drawing on European models, particularly those in England and Germany, experimental farms were established as critical sites for implementing scientific agricultural practices in India. This article investigates the emergence and evolution of agricultural experimental farms in colonial India, with a specific focus on Bengal in the late nineteenth century. It explores the nature of experiments conducted on crops, farming techniques, and agricultural machinery, providing an overview of how these efforts shaped the trajectory of Indian agriculture. The study is grounded in both primary and secondary sources, including institutional and archival reports. Archival materials from the West Bengal State Archives have been systematically collected, historically interpreted, and scientifically analyzed to construct a foundational narrative. The article argues that these experimental farms served as crucial intersections of colonial policy, scientific inquiry, and agrarian transformation, thereby offering valuable insights into the process of agricultural modernization in colonial South Asia.</p>