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<p>Metallurgy has been taking an important role in the development of civilizations throughout the world since ancient times. North-East India has a rich yet relatively understudied history of traditional ironworking practices. Manipur, in particular, has a deep-rooted tradition of iron smelting and blacksmithing, which is integral to its socio-economic and cultural fabric. This paper explores the traditional metallurgical techniques employed in North-East India, with a special focus on Manipur. It also examines historical records, archaeological findings, ethnographic accounts and oral traditions to understand not only the technological methods but also the historical background of ironworking in the region.</p>

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Traditional knowledge of iron metallurgy in North-East India, with reference to Manipur: A historical and technological perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Naorem Naresh Singh,
  • Oinam Ranjit Singh

摘要

Metallurgy has been taking an important role in the development of civilizations throughout the world since ancient times. North-East India has a rich yet relatively understudied history of traditional ironworking practices. Manipur, in particular, has a deep-rooted tradition of iron smelting and blacksmithing, which is integral to its socio-economic and cultural fabric. This paper explores the traditional metallurgical techniques employed in North-East India, with a special focus on Manipur. It also examines historical records, archaeological findings, ethnographic accounts and oral traditions to understand not only the technological methods but also the historical background of ironworking in the region.