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<p><i>Klebsiella</i> species are important opportunistic pathogens involved with a remarkably diverse set of community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. Among these species, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> is the most clinically important, most commonly associated with pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, and liver abscesses. The significant global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, such as the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers, has severely limited treatment options and has led to <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> as a public health threat. Adding to this threat has been the emergence of hypervirulent lineages capable of causing invasive disease in otherwise healthy individuals, with reports of resistance converging with hypervirulence increasing. Other members of the genus, <i>K. oxytoca</i> and <i>K. variicola</i>, are increasingly noted for their ability to cause disease as well. This review summarizes the recent taxonomic updates, virulence mechanisms, resistance determinants, clinical spectrum and therapeutic options for <i>Klebsiella</i> species, in particular <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, highlighting emerging global and regional trends and the urgent need for new diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies in this age of antimicrobial resistance.</p>

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Klebsiella infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance: Emerging threats and therapeutic challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • C. Anjitha,
  • S. Sony

摘要

Klebsiella species are important opportunistic pathogens involved with a remarkably diverse set of community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. Among these species, K. pneumoniae is the most clinically important, most commonly associated with pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, and liver abscesses. The significant global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, such as the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers, has severely limited treatment options and has led to Klebsiella pneumoniae as a public health threat. Adding to this threat has been the emergence of hypervirulent lineages capable of causing invasive disease in otherwise healthy individuals, with reports of resistance converging with hypervirulence increasing. Other members of the genus, K. oxytoca and K. variicola, are increasingly noted for their ability to cause disease as well. This review summarizes the recent taxonomic updates, virulence mechanisms, resistance determinants, clinical spectrum and therapeutic options for Klebsiella species, in particular K. pneumoniae, highlighting emerging global and regional trends and the urgent need for new diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies in this age of antimicrobial resistance.