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<p>Soil carbon pools are critical indicators of soil health and play a central role in the global carbon cycle. The Bundelkhand region of Central India, characterized by semi-arid climate and recurrent droughts, provides a unique setting to study carbon dynamics under contrasting land-use systems. Composite soil samples were collected at three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45&#xa0;cm) from agricultural, horticultural, and agroforestry fields, along with reference barren soils, maintained under consistent practices for more than a decade. Total organic carbon (TOC), inorganic carbon, oxidizable fractions, microbial biomass carbon, and permanganate oxidizable carbon were quantified, and indices such as the Carbon Management Index (CMI) and Sensitivity Index (SI) were computed. Results revealed that agroforestry systems maintained the highest total carbon stocks due to sustained litter input and minimal disturbance, while horticultural systems exhibited maximum labile and microbial-active pools owing to higher silt + clay content. Carbon pools declined with depth across all land-use types, and CMI values were generally non-significant, reflecting poor soil management under prevailing irrigation practices. The findings highlight that conversion of conventional agricultural land to horticultural systems can enhance labile carbon pools and improve sequestration potential, whereas agroforestry remains effective in sustaining recalcitrant carbon in soils of marginal quality.</p>

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Soil carbon dynamics under the prominent land use patterns in Bundelkhand region of Central India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Richa Raghuvanshi,
  • Shivam Singh,
  • Jagannath Pathak,
  • Debashis Dutta,
  • Gaurav Shukla,
  • Aniket Hanumant Kalhapure

摘要

Soil carbon pools are critical indicators of soil health and play a central role in the global carbon cycle. The Bundelkhand region of Central India, characterized by semi-arid climate and recurrent droughts, provides a unique setting to study carbon dynamics under contrasting land-use systems. Composite soil samples were collected at three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) from agricultural, horticultural, and agroforestry fields, along with reference barren soils, maintained under consistent practices for more than a decade. Total organic carbon (TOC), inorganic carbon, oxidizable fractions, microbial biomass carbon, and permanganate oxidizable carbon were quantified, and indices such as the Carbon Management Index (CMI) and Sensitivity Index (SI) were computed. Results revealed that agroforestry systems maintained the highest total carbon stocks due to sustained litter input and minimal disturbance, while horticultural systems exhibited maximum labile and microbial-active pools owing to higher silt + clay content. Carbon pools declined with depth across all land-use types, and CMI values were generally non-significant, reflecting poor soil management under prevailing irrigation practices. The findings highlight that conversion of conventional agricultural land to horticultural systems can enhance labile carbon pools and improve sequestration potential, whereas agroforestry remains effective in sustaining recalcitrant carbon in soils of marginal quality.