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Background <p>Cockroaches are serious pests in urban areas and can transmit diseases, causing public health concerns and sanitation problems worldwide. Knowing the genetic diversity of cockroaches is crucial for the development of effective pest management strategies.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to genetically characterize <i>Periplaneta americana</i> and <i>Blattella germanica</i> using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) genes to assess their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.</p> Methods <p>Cockroach specimens were collected from 120 sites, including houses, hospitals, restaurants, and educational institutions. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using MEGA11 software.</p> Results <p>The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) gene sequences showed 100% identity with <i>P. americana</i> and <i>B. germanica</i>. Evolutionary divergence was 10% for 28S rRNA and 20% for COXI. RFLP analysis revealed species-specific restriction patterns.</p> Conclusion <p>The present study confirms that <i>P. americana</i> and <i>B. germanica</i> are genetically distinct species with clear evolutionary divergence. These molecular findings enhance understanding of species identity and evolutionary divergence and provide a genetic basis to support future cockroach management strategies.</p>

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Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of cockroach species in Kurdistan region-Iraq using COXI and 28S rRNA genes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Khalis Ahmed Hammad Ameen

摘要

Background

Cockroaches are serious pests in urban areas and can transmit diseases, causing public health concerns and sanitation problems worldwide. Knowing the genetic diversity of cockroaches is crucial for the development of effective pest management strategies.

Objective

This study aimed to genetically characterize Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) genes to assess their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Methods

Cockroach specimens were collected from 120 sites, including houses, hospitals, restaurants, and educational institutions. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using MEGA11 software.

Results

The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) gene sequences showed 100% identity with P. americana and B. germanica. Evolutionary divergence was 10% for 28S rRNA and 20% for COXI. RFLP analysis revealed species-specific restriction patterns.

Conclusion

The present study confirms that P. americana and B. germanica are genetically distinct species with clear evolutionary divergence. These molecular findings enhance understanding of species identity and evolutionary divergence and provide a genetic basis to support future cockroach management strategies.