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<p>Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen in poultry that causes economic losses due to impaired performance, reproductive failure and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Despite its global distribution, aMPV remains underdiagnosed and underreported in several countries, including India, where very few seroprevalence studies are available. Although, Maharashtra is one of the leading states in India in eggs and chicken meat production, there are no reports of the disease occurrence from state. This study aimed to investigate spontaneous respiratory disease outbreaks in chickens, focusing on the molecular detection of aMPV, allied co-infections and their associated pathological manifestations in the affected chickens. A total of 42 poultry flocks exhibiting respiratory symptoms were examined in this study. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the aMPV nucleoprotein gene revealed 19.04% flock-level positivity. Co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, such as <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli</i>, Infectious bronchitis virus, and Infectious laryngotracheitis virus were frequently detected, highlighting the complex etiology of respiratory disease in poultry. Gross and histopathological lesions ranged from tracheitis and air sacculitis to necrotizing pneumonia and pericarditis, with markedly exacerbated severity in co-infected birds compared to single-infected birds. This study is the first to provide molecular evidence of aMPV infection in naturally affected chicken flocks along with a comprehensive pathological evaluation from Maharashtra state of India. These findings underscore the critical need for improved molecular surveillance, accurate diagnosis, and integrated disease control strategies targeting both viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. Understanding the synergistic interactions between aMPV and co-infecting agents is essential for mitigating losses and enhancing poultry health management in endemic regions.</p>

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Molecular detection and pathology of avian metapneumovirus infection and associated co-infections in chickens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Sharada Garudi,
  • Bhupesh Kamdi,
  • Ranjit Ingole,
  • Sudhakar Awandkar,
  • Ashok Kumar,
  • Megha Kaore,
  • Nitin Kurkure

摘要

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen in poultry that causes economic losses due to impaired performance, reproductive failure and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Despite its global distribution, aMPV remains underdiagnosed and underreported in several countries, including India, where very few seroprevalence studies are available. Although, Maharashtra is one of the leading states in India in eggs and chicken meat production, there are no reports of the disease occurrence from state. This study aimed to investigate spontaneous respiratory disease outbreaks in chickens, focusing on the molecular detection of aMPV, allied co-infections and their associated pathological manifestations in the affected chickens. A total of 42 poultry flocks exhibiting respiratory symptoms were examined in this study. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the aMPV nucleoprotein gene revealed 19.04% flock-level positivity. Co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli, Infectious bronchitis virus, and Infectious laryngotracheitis virus were frequently detected, highlighting the complex etiology of respiratory disease in poultry. Gross and histopathological lesions ranged from tracheitis and air sacculitis to necrotizing pneumonia and pericarditis, with markedly exacerbated severity in co-infected birds compared to single-infected birds. This study is the first to provide molecular evidence of aMPV infection in naturally affected chicken flocks along with a comprehensive pathological evaluation from Maharashtra state of India. These findings underscore the critical need for improved molecular surveillance, accurate diagnosis, and integrated disease control strategies targeting both viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. Understanding the synergistic interactions between aMPV and co-infecting agents is essential for mitigating losses and enhancing poultry health management in endemic regions.