<p>This experimental study focuses on the role of process parameters and lubricating conditions in single-point incremental forming of square flanges. To analyze the effect of lubricating conditions, three different lubricating methods are implemented. The first method includes application of lubrication before forming only which is defined as single time lubrication-L. The second method includes application of lubrication before forming and at the halfway of the process which is called twice lubrication-LL. The third lubrication method includes application of lubrication before forming and continuous supply of coolant during the process using a Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system, which is called CL. The experiments are performed following the full factorial design using spindle speed, step depth and the lubricating condition as parameters. The surface roughness of all the formed square flanges is measured and analyzed. The results show that spindle speed substantially affects the surface finish of the formed flanges; however, the lubrication condition is the most effective parameter affecting the surface finish. The higher spindle speed forms a surface with better surface finish for all lubricating conditions. Moreover, the LL method results into better surface finish in comparison to L and CL methods. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is carried out along the thickness of the formed flanges in the critical zone of the flanges to understand the effect of lubrication on the microstructure of the flange. The EBSD analysis revealed that the grains are not affected by forming parameters and demonstrated a well-aligned microstructure under MQL conditions.</p>