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<p>This review focuses on the disruptive potential of digital agriculture in India, particularly its potential to address some of the most pressing agricultural issues, especially for smallholder farmers. Agriculture employs 45.5 percent of India’s workforce, and contributes more than 18.4 percent of GDP, emphasizing the need for developing scalable data-driven solutions. The paper critically discusses core digital technologies, consisting of remote sensing, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, big data analytics, drones, mobile platforms, and blockchain; and how they are becoming vital for enabling precision farming processes that will lead to improved productivity, environmental sustainability and resilience. The platforms like e-NAM (total ₹80,262 crore of turnover in FY25; across 1522 mandis up to mid-2025), mobile advisories, various start-up-led interventions, and the dynamic landscape of digital agriculture—which is constantly evolving over period of time. Repeatedly, the focus will be the differing adoption patterns seen due to region (i.e. urban and rural areas), farm size, and crop type, the higher acceptance rates being seen in states that have good infrastructure and with farmers managing high-value crops. Furthermore, the initiatives like AGRI-STACK, Kisan Suvidha, and Custom Hiring Centers, also provide reason to believe that access to digital agriculture is shifting towards a more equitable distribution. That said, while we have seen some advances, there are still significant challenges. Access to the Rural Internet is still at ~ 55% and only 18% of India's farmers are digitally literate, and uptake is relatively low in some of India's low-income regions/areas. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations regarding issues like infrastructure development, public–private partnerships, and capacity building. Ultimately, we propose that digital agriculture bodes well for equitable rural and agricultural growth, sustainability for the planet, and improvements to rural livelihoods, though this is contingent on addressing critical barriers to adoption.</p>

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Scope and challenges of farm digitization in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Ramesh Beerge,
  • Sachin Devarmani,
  • Dayanand Kumbar

摘要

This review focuses on the disruptive potential of digital agriculture in India, particularly its potential to address some of the most pressing agricultural issues, especially for smallholder farmers. Agriculture employs 45.5 percent of India’s workforce, and contributes more than 18.4 percent of GDP, emphasizing the need for developing scalable data-driven solutions. The paper critically discusses core digital technologies, consisting of remote sensing, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, big data analytics, drones, mobile platforms, and blockchain; and how they are becoming vital for enabling precision farming processes that will lead to improved productivity, environmental sustainability and resilience. The platforms like e-NAM (total ₹80,262 crore of turnover in FY25; across 1522 mandis up to mid-2025), mobile advisories, various start-up-led interventions, and the dynamic landscape of digital agriculture—which is constantly evolving over period of time. Repeatedly, the focus will be the differing adoption patterns seen due to region (i.e. urban and rural areas), farm size, and crop type, the higher acceptance rates being seen in states that have good infrastructure and with farmers managing high-value crops. Furthermore, the initiatives like AGRI-STACK, Kisan Suvidha, and Custom Hiring Centers, also provide reason to believe that access to digital agriculture is shifting towards a more equitable distribution. That said, while we have seen some advances, there are still significant challenges. Access to the Rural Internet is still at ~ 55% and only 18% of India's farmers are digitally literate, and uptake is relatively low in some of India's low-income regions/areas. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations regarding issues like infrastructure development, public–private partnerships, and capacity building. Ultimately, we propose that digital agriculture bodes well for equitable rural and agricultural growth, sustainability for the planet, and improvements to rural livelihoods, though this is contingent on addressing critical barriers to adoption.