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<p>Quantum gravity (QG) theory, yet to be established, aims to unify the general theory of relativity (GTR) with quantum physics. The GTR, proposed by Einstein in 1915, is the best-known theory to successfully explain a number of observations pertaining to the classical aspects of gravitational physics. However, this theory is likely to break down at extremely high energy scales approaching the so-called <i>Planck Scale</i>. At this natural scale, Lorentz invariance, a cornerstone of the theories of relativity and the standard model (SM) of particle physics, is violated. This phenomenon, referred to as the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), is expected to reveal new fundamental physics under the extreme astrophysical conditions. In this contribution, we investigate the profound implications of the LIV for the kinematics of gamma-gamma pair production due to the interaction between very high energy photons emitted from the distant astrophysical sources and low energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) permeated in the universe. We estimate the threshold energy for <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma -\gamma \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> pair production for very high energy photons of energies ranging from 100 GeV to 100 TeV using the standard physics as well as considering the LIV originating due to the QG effects. We discuss the plausible implications of the anticipated signatures of QG on the propagation of the GeV-TeV photons over the cosmological distances.</p>

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Signature of quantum gravity effects on propagation of very high energy photons through universe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • K. K. Singh,
  • S. Neog

摘要

Quantum gravity (QG) theory, yet to be established, aims to unify the general theory of relativity (GTR) with quantum physics. The GTR, proposed by Einstein in 1915, is the best-known theory to successfully explain a number of observations pertaining to the classical aspects of gravitational physics. However, this theory is likely to break down at extremely high energy scales approaching the so-called Planck Scale. At this natural scale, Lorentz invariance, a cornerstone of the theories of relativity and the standard model (SM) of particle physics, is violated. This phenomenon, referred to as the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), is expected to reveal new fundamental physics under the extreme astrophysical conditions. In this contribution, we investigate the profound implications of the LIV for the kinematics of gamma-gamma pair production due to the interaction between very high energy photons emitted from the distant astrophysical sources and low energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) permeated in the universe. We estimate the threshold energy for \(\gamma -\gamma \) pair production for very high energy photons of energies ranging from 100 GeV to 100 TeV using the standard physics as well as considering the LIV originating due to the QG effects. We discuss the plausible implications of the anticipated signatures of QG on the propagation of the GeV-TeV photons over the cosmological distances.