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<p>Abiotic and biotic stresses trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to the accumulation of aldehydes in plant cells. The detoxification of reactive electrophile species (RES), stress-induced aldehydes characterized by an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group, is mediated by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), NAD(P) + -dependent enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Found in nearly all organisms, plants contain 14 distinct ALDH protein families. In this review, we have critically examined research over the past decade on the functions of ALDHs in plants. We highlighted newly discovered roles for these enzymes in plant metabolism, signalling, and development. The review also discusses the emerging significance of ALDHs beyond their traditional detoxification functions, underscoring their involvement in various physiological processes. Finally, we have suggested potential avenues for future research aimed at harnessing ALDHs for biotechnological applications, improving our understanding of their roles in gene signalling, and further exploring their impacts on plant growth and stress resilience.</p>

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The role of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) gene families in response to biotic and abiotic stress in plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Subhasmita Giri,
  • Sunil Kumar Nayak,
  • Padmalochan Hembram

摘要

Abiotic and biotic stresses trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to the accumulation of aldehydes in plant cells. The detoxification of reactive electrophile species (RES), stress-induced aldehydes characterized by an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group, is mediated by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), NAD(P) + -dependent enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Found in nearly all organisms, plants contain 14 distinct ALDH protein families. In this review, we have critically examined research over the past decade on the functions of ALDHs in plants. We highlighted newly discovered roles for these enzymes in plant metabolism, signalling, and development. The review also discusses the emerging significance of ALDHs beyond their traditional detoxification functions, underscoring their involvement in various physiological processes. Finally, we have suggested potential avenues for future research aimed at harnessing ALDHs for biotechnological applications, improving our understanding of their roles in gene signalling, and further exploring their impacts on plant growth and stress resilience.