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<p>In an era of increasing cyber threats and data breaches, the demand for secure and unpredictable passwords has never been greater. This paper proposes a hybrid quantum–classical password generation framework that integrates 4-qubit quantum entropy with the PBKDF2 key derivation function to enhance security. Experimental results show that a 32-character password with a Shannon entropy of 5.80 is generated in a time of only 0.98&#xa0;s and is strong against dictionary attack with no hits found. Moreover, simulation of a brute-force attack calculated that the passwords would take over 30,000&#xa0;s (8 + hours) to crack on standard hardware and show considerable resistance. The results show the entropy-computation-practice balance of NISQ-era quantum-enhanced systems and show better performance compared with classical PBKDF2-alone or deterministic generators.</p>

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Quantum entropy-driven password generation: a hybrid cryptographic model integrating QRNG, PBKDF2, and robustness evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Anupam Tiwari,
  • Neha Sharma,
  • Mohit Beri,
  • Bhausaheb Ashok Botre

摘要

In an era of increasing cyber threats and data breaches, the demand for secure and unpredictable passwords has never been greater. This paper proposes a hybrid quantum–classical password generation framework that integrates 4-qubit quantum entropy with the PBKDF2 key derivation function to enhance security. Experimental results show that a 32-character password with a Shannon entropy of 5.80 is generated in a time of only 0.98 s and is strong against dictionary attack with no hits found. Moreover, simulation of a brute-force attack calculated that the passwords would take over 30,000 s (8 + hours) to crack on standard hardware and show considerable resistance. The results show the entropy-computation-practice balance of NISQ-era quantum-enhanced systems and show better performance compared with classical PBKDF2-alone or deterministic generators.