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<p>African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating viral disease in pigs, caused by an enveloped DNA virus (ASFV), with 100% mortality and no effective vaccine, posing a significant challenge for antiviral development due to the limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Whole transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) can enhance our understanding of viral diseases by profiling gene expression, uncovering host-virus interaction mechanisms, and identifying potential targets for the development of effective vaccines. The spleen is a central immune organ that plays a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of African swine fever virus (ASFV) by filtering blood, detecting pathogens, and orchestrating the immune response through lymphocyte-antigen-presenting cell interactions. Its high concentration of macrophages, essential for engulfing and destroying pathogens, contributes to an effective immune response, making it a key organ in managing ASFV infection. Understanding the molecular basis of survival in naturally infected pigs is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study analyzed the transcriptome profiles of spleen tissues from ASFV-infected pigs that survived and compared them with healthy controls to identify genetic factors associated with survival. Transcriptome analysis illustrated significant differential gene expression, with 4574 genes upregulated and 5941 downregulated in the survived group compared to the control group. Among these, <i>KIF27</i> exhibited the highest upregulation, while <i>COX1</i> showed the highest downregulation. Several key pathways, including the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and autophagy-related processes, displayed significant differential expression. Notably, genes involved in antiviral immune responses, such as <i>IL15</i>, <i>IFIT2</i>, <i>IFIT3</i>, <i>CXCL2</i>, and <i>ILRUN</i> were distinctly associated with survival, highlighting critical molecular determinants of ASFV infection outcomes. To corroborate the RNA-seq findings, qPCR analysis was done on selected genes, which verified the overall consistency of the transcriptomic data, while a few genes (IFIT5, IFI6 and AGBL5) differed between the two platforms. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying ASFV survival, potentially informing therapeutic development strategies.</p>

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Transcriptome signature of porcine spleen tissues from naturally infected survivors of African swine fever virus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Srinivasan Shanmathi,
  • Rajib Deb,
  • S. Arutkumaran,
  • Pranab Jyoti Das,
  • Gyanendra Singh Sengar,
  • Seema Rani Pegu,
  • Swaraj Rajkhowa,
  • Bharat Bhushan,
  • Vivek Kumar Gupta

摘要

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating viral disease in pigs, caused by an enveloped DNA virus (ASFV), with 100% mortality and no effective vaccine, posing a significant challenge for antiviral development due to the limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Whole transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) can enhance our understanding of viral diseases by profiling gene expression, uncovering host-virus interaction mechanisms, and identifying potential targets for the development of effective vaccines. The spleen is a central immune organ that plays a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of African swine fever virus (ASFV) by filtering blood, detecting pathogens, and orchestrating the immune response through lymphocyte-antigen-presenting cell interactions. Its high concentration of macrophages, essential for engulfing and destroying pathogens, contributes to an effective immune response, making it a key organ in managing ASFV infection. Understanding the molecular basis of survival in naturally infected pigs is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study analyzed the transcriptome profiles of spleen tissues from ASFV-infected pigs that survived and compared them with healthy controls to identify genetic factors associated with survival. Transcriptome analysis illustrated significant differential gene expression, with 4574 genes upregulated and 5941 downregulated in the survived group compared to the control group. Among these, KIF27 exhibited the highest upregulation, while COX1 showed the highest downregulation. Several key pathways, including the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and autophagy-related processes, displayed significant differential expression. Notably, genes involved in antiviral immune responses, such as IL15, IFIT2, IFIT3, CXCL2, and ILRUN were distinctly associated with survival, highlighting critical molecular determinants of ASFV infection outcomes. To corroborate the RNA-seq findings, qPCR analysis was done on selected genes, which verified the overall consistency of the transcriptomic data, while a few genes (IFIT5, IFI6 and AGBL5) differed between the two platforms. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying ASFV survival, potentially informing therapeutic development strategies.