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<p>Chromium contamination in industrial wastewater is a pressing concern, with the metal commonly present in two oxidation states: hexavalent [Cr(VI)] and trivalent [Cr(III)]. Cr(VI) is recognized for its high solubility, mobility, and toxicity, in contrast to Cr(III), which is less toxic and comparatively immobile. Due to the pronounced risks associated with Cr(VI) exposure, considerable research efforts have been directed towards developing efficient methods for its removal from aqueous systems. This review examines chromium contamination across different regions of India, its environmental fate and toxicity, and recent advances in removal of chromium from aqueous solutions using hydroxyapatite (HAp) based materials. Although HAp has been widely studied for other contaminants, reviews specifically focused on HAp for Cr(VI) remediation are scarce. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in HAp based adsorbents, compare the performance of different HAp variants and composites, and present insights and future research directions with an emphasis on Indian perspectives and application challenges.</p>

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Mini review on hydroxyapatite based adsorbents for hexavalent chromium removal: recent advances and Indian relevance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • N. Priyadarshini,
  • P. Ilaiyaraja,
  • M. P. Prartthana,
  • K. Dhanu Pragateesh,
  • S. B. Akshaya

摘要

Chromium contamination in industrial wastewater is a pressing concern, with the metal commonly present in two oxidation states: hexavalent [Cr(VI)] and trivalent [Cr(III)]. Cr(VI) is recognized for its high solubility, mobility, and toxicity, in contrast to Cr(III), which is less toxic and comparatively immobile. Due to the pronounced risks associated with Cr(VI) exposure, considerable research efforts have been directed towards developing efficient methods for its removal from aqueous systems. This review examines chromium contamination across different regions of India, its environmental fate and toxicity, and recent advances in removal of chromium from aqueous solutions using hydroxyapatite (HAp) based materials. Although HAp has been widely studied for other contaminants, reviews specifically focused on HAp for Cr(VI) remediation are scarce. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in HAp based adsorbents, compare the performance of different HAp variants and composites, and present insights and future research directions with an emphasis on Indian perspectives and application challenges.