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<p>Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) represent a highly devastating form of disasters, causing substantial socio-economic damages, endangering downstream settlements and infrastructure in the mountainous region. On October 4, 2023, a catastrophic flash flood from South Lhonak Lake, North Sikkim, impacted the Teesta River basin. Following the incident, a comprehensive geospatial analysis was conducted to evaluate the breach and deformation conditions pre and post-event. The analysis revealed a slope failure towards the northern side of the lake, in addition to the breach of the moraine. The temporal data indicated a reduction in the lake’s surface area from 159 to 143&#xa0;ha. Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) was employed to assess displacement and elevation changes. DInSAR analysis was conducted over two months (between August 23, 2023 and October 22, 2023), encompassing both the pre and post phases, utilising two-pass SAR data to observe changes in displacement and elevation. There was a displacement of about 64&#xa0;mm towards the line of sight (LOS) of the satellite and 39&#xa0;mm away from the LOS of the satellite during the event. Similarly, a maximum subsidence of 767&#xa0;m was observed after the slope failure and maximum upliftment of 818&#xa0;m was observed due to the debris accumulated due the slope failure. This type of study can be useful for quick assessment of deformation analysis. Such methods can also be adopted to monitor the glacial lakes for the assessment of hazards and risks likely to result from impending GLOF events.</p>

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Geospatial analysis of South Lhonak Lake outburst triggered on October, 2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Prakash Biswakarma,
  • Suraj Kumar Swain,
  • B. S. P. C. Kishore,
  • Kuntala Bhusan,
  • Gopal Sharma,
  • Rekha Bharali Gogoi,
  • Victor Saikhom,
  • K. K. Sarma,
  • S. P. Aggarwal

摘要

Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) represent a highly devastating form of disasters, causing substantial socio-economic damages, endangering downstream settlements and infrastructure in the mountainous region. On October 4, 2023, a catastrophic flash flood from South Lhonak Lake, North Sikkim, impacted the Teesta River basin. Following the incident, a comprehensive geospatial analysis was conducted to evaluate the breach and deformation conditions pre and post-event. The analysis revealed a slope failure towards the northern side of the lake, in addition to the breach of the moraine. The temporal data indicated a reduction in the lake’s surface area from 159 to 143 ha. Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) was employed to assess displacement and elevation changes. DInSAR analysis was conducted over two months (between August 23, 2023 and October 22, 2023), encompassing both the pre and post phases, utilising two-pass SAR data to observe changes in displacement and elevation. There was a displacement of about 64 mm towards the line of sight (LOS) of the satellite and 39 mm away from the LOS of the satellite during the event. Similarly, a maximum subsidence of 767 m was observed after the slope failure and maximum upliftment of 818 m was observed due to the debris accumulated due the slope failure. This type of study can be useful for quick assessment of deformation analysis. Such methods can also be adopted to monitor the glacial lakes for the assessment of hazards and risks likely to result from impending GLOF events.