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<p>This paper presents a uniform circular array (UCA) antenna composed of circularly polarized (CP) patch elements for the generation of an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam with high azimuthal symmetry. Unlike conventional configurations requiring complex feeding networks, the proposed design reduces feed complexity by employing identical CP elements, each physically rotated to achieve the required phase progression for OAM mode excitation. This geometrical rotation method enables the realization of OAM mode <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43538_2025_498_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( l = +1 \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with a simplified structure. The antenna operates at 2.45&#xa0;GHz and achieves a conical radiation pattern characterized by a beam divergence of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43538_2025_498_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm 22^\circ \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a peak gain of 11&#xa0;dBi, and high mode purity. Both simulation and measurement results confirm the generation of a well-formed OAM beam with minimal spurious radiation. The proposed UCA structure offers a compact and efficient solution suitable for vehicle-to-vehicle links and next-generation 6G wireless communication systems.</p>

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Design of UCA antenna for high-purity OAM beam generation in vehicular communication systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • T. V. Chaitanya,
  • B. Leela Kumari

摘要

This paper presents a uniform circular array (UCA) antenna composed of circularly polarized (CP) patch elements for the generation of an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam with high azimuthal symmetry. Unlike conventional configurations requiring complex feeding networks, the proposed design reduces feed complexity by employing identical CP elements, each physically rotated to achieve the required phase progression for OAM mode excitation. This geometrical rotation method enables the realization of OAM mode \( l = +1 \) with a simplified structure. The antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and achieves a conical radiation pattern characterized by a beam divergence of \(\pm 22^\circ \) , a peak gain of 11 dBi, and high mode purity. Both simulation and measurement results confirm the generation of a well-formed OAM beam with minimal spurious radiation. The proposed UCA structure offers a compact and efficient solution suitable for vehicle-to-vehicle links and next-generation 6G wireless communication systems.