<p>The Jangal Mahal region of West Bengal, historically dominated by indigenous Sal (<i>Shorea robusta</i>) forests, has undergone significant land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes from 1992 to 2022, driven by anthropogenic pressures, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and infrastructure development. and environmental factors. This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of forest cover, biomass, and associated changes in soil physicochemical properties, focusing on the impacts of replacing Sal forests with non-native plantations and rain-fed agriculture. Using satellite imagery, geospatial analysis, and field-based biomass data, the research indicates a 59.43% decline in forest cover, signaling substantial ecosystem loss, accompanied by a 5.96% expansion of scrublands and fluctuations in agricultural land. Biomass analysis reveals a substantial reduction in above-ground biomass (AGB) in areas converted to Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations compared to the native Sal forests. Soil analyses show critical degradation in key parameters such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, and water-holding capacity in these converted areas. The study underscores the ecological significance of Sal forests in maintaining soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions, while also serving as significant carbon sinks. These findings highlight the necessity of sustainable land management, native species reforestation, and community-led conservation. This research aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), by emphasizing the protection and restoration of forest ecosystems, promoting biodiversity, and improving soil health to support sustainable livelihoods and climate resilience.</p>