The Impact of Tic Suppression on Speaking Ability
摘要
Tourette’s disorder (TD) is characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics that can be voluntarily suppressed for brief periods. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) contingencies can effectively promote tic suppression, and suppression-based interventions are a key component of behavior therapy for TD. However, tic suppression may interfere with concurrent activities, such as speaking, and may be stressful for children with TD. Understanding whether suppression disrupts speech production and causes stress is thus important for evaluating potential trade-offs in behavioral interventions. To this aim, the present study examined the impact of DRO-reinforced tic suppression on speaking ability and perceived stress. Utilizing a multi-element design, two children with TD completed three exposures to each of four conditions: (1) free tic (no conversation or suppression); (2) free tic + talk (conversation without suppression); (3) suppression (suppression without conversation); and (4) suppression + talk (conversation with suppression). Tic frequency, speech rate, speech disfluency, and participants’ self-rated perceived stress were measured across conditions. Results showed that DRO effectively reduced tics, but suppression negatively affected speech rate and fluency. However, suppression did not increase perceived stress, even during conversation conditions. Findings highlight potential trade-offs in tic suppression strategies and underscore the need to evaluate their effects on functional communication. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.