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<p>To achieve carbon reduction and sustainable development in construction materials, engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) provide a low-carbon alternative to traditional engineered cementitious composite (ECC). This study developed an ultra-ductile EGC utilizing dune sand (DS), and investigated the impact of DS replacement ratio on the tensile behaviour of EGC under different Na<sub>2</sub>O contents, along with a life cycle assessment (LCA). The formation mechanism of the high ductility was interpreted by three-point bending tests, single-crack tensile tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicated that the addition of DS not only enhanced the tensile strength and ductility of EGC but also improved crack control capacity and promoted the formation of over-saturated cracks. Particularly under an 8% Na<sub>2</sub>O content, the incorporation of DS increased the tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain by a maximum of 10.74% and 40.50%, respectively, reaching values of 5.09&#xa0;MPa and 12.35%. Under low Na<sub>2</sub>O contents (6% and 7%), the optimal tensile performance was achieved at a DS replacement ratio of 50%. Under high Na<sub>2</sub>O contents (8% and 9%), the optimal DS replacement ratio reached 100%. At the microscale, the incorporation of DS enhanced the matrix fracture energy (<i>J</i><sub>tip</sub>) and the fibre bridging complementary energy (<i>J</i><sub>b</sub>'), thereby increasing the pseudo strain-hardening index <i>PSH</i><sub>E</sub> (<i>J</i><sub>b</sub>'/<i>J</i><sub>tip</sub>) and improving ductility. The bilinear model proposed by Kanda and Li can effectively describe the tensile stress–strain relationship. Environmental benefit analysis showed that, compared with ECC, the EGC incorporating DS exhibited lower carbon emissions and energy consumption, with carbon emissions reduced by 53.25%–73.92%.</p>

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A potential low-cost alternative aggregate for engineered geopolymer composites to improve tensile properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Tianhe Zhang,
  • Qinghe Wang,
  • Qingxin Ren,
  • Tong Li,
  • Ji-nan Ding

摘要

To achieve carbon reduction and sustainable development in construction materials, engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) provide a low-carbon alternative to traditional engineered cementitious composite (ECC). This study developed an ultra-ductile EGC utilizing dune sand (DS), and investigated the impact of DS replacement ratio on the tensile behaviour of EGC under different Na2O contents, along with a life cycle assessment (LCA). The formation mechanism of the high ductility was interpreted by three-point bending tests, single-crack tensile tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicated that the addition of DS not only enhanced the tensile strength and ductility of EGC but also improved crack control capacity and promoted the formation of over-saturated cracks. Particularly under an 8% Na2O content, the incorporation of DS increased the tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain by a maximum of 10.74% and 40.50%, respectively, reaching values of 5.09 MPa and 12.35%. Under low Na2O contents (6% and 7%), the optimal tensile performance was achieved at a DS replacement ratio of 50%. Under high Na2O contents (8% and 9%), the optimal DS replacement ratio reached 100%. At the microscale, the incorporation of DS enhanced the matrix fracture energy (Jtip) and the fibre bridging complementary energy (Jb'), thereby increasing the pseudo strain-hardening index PSHE (Jb'/Jtip) and improving ductility. The bilinear model proposed by Kanda and Li can effectively describe the tensile stress–strain relationship. Environmental benefit analysis showed that, compared with ECC, the EGC incorporating DS exhibited lower carbon emissions and energy consumption, with carbon emissions reduced by 53.25%–73.92%.