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<p>The inherently porous nature of concrete allows the ingress of water and harmful ions through its surface, leading to the deterioration of structural durability. This study investigates the effects of a cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) coating on the impermeability and compressive strength of mortar. Key factors influencing the penetration of the CCCW coating, including the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and the content of pozzolanic mineral admixtures, are examined, and a plausible explanation for the observed behavior is provided based on quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization. Results demonstrate that the CCCW coating significantly reduces water absorption in mortar, primarily by inhibiting rapid saturation in surface capillary pores, with limited influence on internal non-penetrating pores. The coating improves both water resistance and compressive strength. However, the enhancement in water resistance is far more significant than that in strength. For mortar with a w/b of 0.5, the CCCW coating increases compressive strength by less than 5% but reduces the water absorption index by over 20%. Microstructural analysis indicates that the CCCW coating predominantly modifies the matrix within 0–1&#xa0;cm from the surface, with diminishing effects beyond 1&#xa0;cm. This explains why the coating has a pronounced impact on capillary pore saturation near the interface. Furthermore, the combined use of CCCW coating and pozzolanic admixtures increases the amorphous phase content in the cement paste, contributing to improved impermeability and compressive strength.</p>

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Improving mortar performance through CCCW coating and pozzolanic admixtures: insights into permeability, compressive strength, and microstructural modification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Zedi Zhang,
  • Xiaoyan Hu,
  • Yuanliang Xiong,
  • Zhongqi Cheng,
  • Shunquan Zhang,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Jinjun Guo,
  • Jinyan Shi

摘要

The inherently porous nature of concrete allows the ingress of water and harmful ions through its surface, leading to the deterioration of structural durability. This study investigates the effects of a cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) coating on the impermeability and compressive strength of mortar. Key factors influencing the penetration of the CCCW coating, including the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and the content of pozzolanic mineral admixtures, are examined, and a plausible explanation for the observed behavior is provided based on quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization. Results demonstrate that the CCCW coating significantly reduces water absorption in mortar, primarily by inhibiting rapid saturation in surface capillary pores, with limited influence on internal non-penetrating pores. The coating improves both water resistance and compressive strength. However, the enhancement in water resistance is far more significant than that in strength. For mortar with a w/b of 0.5, the CCCW coating increases compressive strength by less than 5% but reduces the water absorption index by over 20%. Microstructural analysis indicates that the CCCW coating predominantly modifies the matrix within 0–1 cm from the surface, with diminishing effects beyond 1 cm. This explains why the coating has a pronounced impact on capillary pore saturation near the interface. Furthermore, the combined use of CCCW coating and pozzolanic admixtures increases the amorphous phase content in the cement paste, contributing to improved impermeability and compressive strength.