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<p>This article presents the characteristics of titanium matrix composites containing 10 wt% and 20 wt% of hard reinforcements of titanium-molybdenum carbides (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Mo<sub>x</sub>C) with varying Mo content (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.20). These composites were manufactured using the spark plasma sintering method (SPS), with the most favorable consolidation parameters determined experimentally. Composite powder mixtures were prepared from microcrystalline titanium and nanocrystalline (Ti,Mo)C powders synthesized via the sol–gel method. A key innovation in this study was the application of an isothermal hold at 800&#xa0;°C for 5&#xa0;min during SPS, which enabled the production of sintered composites with a high relative density of nearly 100%. The sintered composites were structurally analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructurally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion resistance was evaluated in a 3 wt% NaCl solution using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The mechanical properties were characterized by measuring the hardness using the Vickers method (HV<sub>30</sub>), fracture toughness using the critical stress intensity factor (K<sub>1C</sub>), Young’s modulus using ultrasonic testing, and abrasion wear resistance using the ball-on-disk method. The proper selection of process parameters resulted in the production of composite materials with a fine grain size and uniform distribution of the strengthening phase within the matrix. The phase compositions of all the obtained composites included α-Ti, α’-Ti martensite, β-Ti (Mo), and TiC phases. The phase composition strongly depended on the Mo content, allowing for an in-depth analysis of the effects of the Mo content and TiC carbide proportion on the composite properties. The results indicated that samples with the highest concentration of primary α’ martensitic phase exhibited the lowest hardness (529–535 HV<sub>30</sub>), Young’s modulus (140–152 GPa), and TiC content, while demonstrating the highest fracture toughness (9.29–10.34&#xa0;MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>).</p>

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Effect of Mo content in the Ti₁₋ₓMoₓC reinforcing phase on the microstructural, mechanical, tribological and corrosion behavior of titanium matrix composites sintered by the FAST/SPS process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Rafał Rubach,
  • Paweł Figiel,
  • Anna Biedunkiewicz,
  • Mirosława Pawlyta,
  • Dariusz Garbiec

摘要

This article presents the characteristics of titanium matrix composites containing 10 wt% and 20 wt% of hard reinforcements of titanium-molybdenum carbides (Ti1-xMoxC) with varying Mo content (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.20). These composites were manufactured using the spark plasma sintering method (SPS), with the most favorable consolidation parameters determined experimentally. Composite powder mixtures were prepared from microcrystalline titanium and nanocrystalline (Ti,Mo)C powders synthesized via the sol–gel method. A key innovation in this study was the application of an isothermal hold at 800 °C for 5 min during SPS, which enabled the production of sintered composites with a high relative density of nearly 100%. The sintered composites were structurally analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructurally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion resistance was evaluated in a 3 wt% NaCl solution using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The mechanical properties were characterized by measuring the hardness using the Vickers method (HV30), fracture toughness using the critical stress intensity factor (K1C), Young’s modulus using ultrasonic testing, and abrasion wear resistance using the ball-on-disk method. The proper selection of process parameters resulted in the production of composite materials with a fine grain size and uniform distribution of the strengthening phase within the matrix. The phase compositions of all the obtained composites included α-Ti, α’-Ti martensite, β-Ti (Mo), and TiC phases. The phase composition strongly depended on the Mo content, allowing for an in-depth analysis of the effects of the Mo content and TiC carbide proportion on the composite properties. The results indicated that samples with the highest concentration of primary α’ martensitic phase exhibited the lowest hardness (529–535 HV30), Young’s modulus (140–152 GPa), and TiC content, while demonstrating the highest fracture toughness (9.29–10.34 MPa·m1/2).