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<p>In this study, a novel hybrid manufacturing process (HMP) is proposed to improve the global yield strength and hardness of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) by integrating interlayer laser directed energy deposition (LDED) additive, milling subtractive, and ultrasonic rolling (UR) equivalent manufacturing processes. The results showed that the porosity of 316L SS subjected to HMP decreased by 96.4% to&#xa0;0.02%, grain size refined by 58.9% to&#xa0;20.2&#xa0;μm, dislocation density increased by 145.5% to&#xa0;2.7 × 10<sup>15</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>, hardness increased by 25.5% to&#xa0;269.1 HV<sub>0.1</sub>, yield strength improved by 41.4% to&#xa0;670.3&#xa0;MPa, and ultimate tensile strength improved by 26.1% to&#xa0;746.7&#xa0;MPa than those obtained by the single LDED process. The dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening were responsible for the enhanced global yield strength and hardness of 316L SS. The HMP can be applied to realize the defect-free and high-performance manufacturing of metals by eliminating internal defects, reconstructing gradient structures of grain sizes, dislocation densities, grain boundary angles, texture intensities, and twins.</p>

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Achieving global ultrahigh yield strength and hardness of 316L stainless steel via interlayer additive/subtractive/equivalent hybrid manufacturing process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Qingzhong Xu,
  • Jiahe Wan,
  • Gen Li,
  • Hetian Li,
  • Ziyuan Liu,
  • Ce Zhang

摘要

In this study, a novel hybrid manufacturing process (HMP) is proposed to improve the global yield strength and hardness of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) by integrating interlayer laser directed energy deposition (LDED) additive, milling subtractive, and ultrasonic rolling (UR) equivalent manufacturing processes. The results showed that the porosity of 316L SS subjected to HMP decreased by 96.4% to 0.02%, grain size refined by 58.9% to 20.2 μm, dislocation density increased by 145.5% to 2.7 × 1015 m-2, hardness increased by 25.5% to 269.1 HV0.1, yield strength improved by 41.4% to 670.3 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength improved by 26.1% to 746.7 MPa than those obtained by the single LDED process. The dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening were responsible for the enhanced global yield strength and hardness of 316L SS. The HMP can be applied to realize the defect-free and high-performance manufacturing of metals by eliminating internal defects, reconstructing gradient structures of grain sizes, dislocation densities, grain boundary angles, texture intensities, and twins.