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<p>H13 steel is a key material in the field of hot work dies. Despite its excellent strength and toughness, surface coatings are often needed to improve its hardness and wear resistance in high-temperature environments. In this research, laser cladding of Inconel 718 (IN718)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composite coatings on H13 steel is investigated to enhance its performance. The effect of process parameters on the macroscopic morphology, represented by the width-to-height ratio and dilution rate, is investigated to obtain coatings with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and improved metallurgical compatibility. The powder composition is determined by characterizing the microstructure, surface hardness, wear resistance, and other properties of composite coatings with varying h-BN content. Additionally, the roles of solution treatment and age hardening as post-treatment methods in further improving coating performance are evaluated. The results indicate that the composite coatings prepared under the applied laser cladding parameters exhibit no significant defects. The 35&#xa0;wt.% h-BN composite coating (the optimal composition) demonstrates superior ambient/elevated-temperature hardness, 35.4% lower friction coefficient, and 76.8% reduced wear loss compared to the H13 steel substrate. As h-BN content increases, the volume of nitrides and borides in the coatings also rises. Precipitates such as alumina, Metal Carbide (MC), Metal Nitride (MN), and Laves phases are observed both inside and outside the grains, with grain sizes ranging from 5 to 100&#xa0;µm. After solution treatment, the dissolution and diffusion of intergranular precipitates are evident. Following age hardening, hard phases enriched with B and N fully diffuse and precipitate at the grain boundaries. Post-treatment effectively releases residual stress in the coating, resulting in enhanced material properties. This research provides a novel strategy for surface strengthening of H13 steel in high-temperature applications.</p>

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Microstructural evolution and enhanced wear resistance of laser-clad IN718/h-BN composite coatings on H13 tool steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Jiahao Sun,
  • Weizhou Gu,
  • Yang Bu,
  • Jianhua Zhang,
  • Qinhe Zhang,
  • Enfu Zhang,
  • Yonghui Wang

摘要

H13 steel is a key material in the field of hot work dies. Despite its excellent strength and toughness, surface coatings are often needed to improve its hardness and wear resistance in high-temperature environments. In this research, laser cladding of Inconel 718 (IN718)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composite coatings on H13 steel is investigated to enhance its performance. The effect of process parameters on the macroscopic morphology, represented by the width-to-height ratio and dilution rate, is investigated to obtain coatings with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and improved metallurgical compatibility. The powder composition is determined by characterizing the microstructure, surface hardness, wear resistance, and other properties of composite coatings with varying h-BN content. Additionally, the roles of solution treatment and age hardening as post-treatment methods in further improving coating performance are evaluated. The results indicate that the composite coatings prepared under the applied laser cladding parameters exhibit no significant defects. The 35 wt.% h-BN composite coating (the optimal composition) demonstrates superior ambient/elevated-temperature hardness, 35.4% lower friction coefficient, and 76.8% reduced wear loss compared to the H13 steel substrate. As h-BN content increases, the volume of nitrides and borides in the coatings also rises. Precipitates such as alumina, Metal Carbide (MC), Metal Nitride (MN), and Laves phases are observed both inside and outside the grains, with grain sizes ranging from 5 to 100 µm. After solution treatment, the dissolution and diffusion of intergranular precipitates are evident. Following age hardening, hard phases enriched with B and N fully diffuse and precipitate at the grain boundaries. Post-treatment effectively releases residual stress in the coating, resulting in enhanced material properties. This research provides a novel strategy for surface strengthening of H13 steel in high-temperature applications.