<p>Phytoconstituents from medicinal plants are gaining recognition for their therapeutic relevance in neurological disorders, notably migraine. Despite the efficacy of conventional migraine pharmacotherapy, limitations such as adverse effects and medication-overuse headaches underscore the need for safer alternatives. This review critically evaluates several medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, identifying <i>Petasites hybridus</i>, <i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i>, <i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>, <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> and <i>Cannabis sativa</i> among others for their demonstrated potential in migraine prophylaxis. Emphasis is placed on pharmacognostic mechanisms, including modulation of neurogenic inflammation, cortical spreading depression, and vascular tone. Key pathways identified include calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibition, suppression of NF-κB/MAPK, and platelet-activating factor antagonism, in addition to anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory, vasoregulatory, and antioxidant properties. Current evidence supports herbal therapeutics as promising pharmacognostic strategies for safe and effective migraine management.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>