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<p>Propolis is a substance produced by bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), originating from plant exudates, mixed with beeswax and saliva. Its widespread use in alternative medicine has stimulated the interest in exploring its biological properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic extract of red propolis by analyzing its cytotoxic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To assess cell viability, we conducted a colorimetric assay measuring cell metabolic activity (MTT assay) using concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 300&#xa0;μg/ml. Our results revealed that concentrations equal to or below 100&#xa0;μg/ml did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. For the genotoxicity analysis, we employed the micronucleus test at concentrations of 15, 30, and 60&#xa0;μg/ml. Among these concentrations, only the 60&#xa0;μg/ml concentration showed genotoxic effects. However, when metaphase analysis was evaluated, none of the three hydroethanolic extracts of red propolis concentrations (15, 30 and 60&#xa0;μg/ml) exhibited significant chromosomal alterations, indicating an absence of genotoxic activity. Based on our findings, we emphasize that lower concentrations appear to be safe and non-genotoxic, while higher concentrations, particularly 60&#xa0;μg/ml, exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Caution is warranted regarding the use of propolis in high concentrations, as it may pose a risk to human health.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Safety Assessment of Red Propolis from Pernambuco (Brazil) Through In Vitro Cytogenotoxic Assays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Juliana Vieira de Barros Arcoverde,
  • José Rafael da Silva Araújo,
  • Marcos da Silveira Regueira-Neto,
  • Silvany de Sousa Araujo,
  • João Carlos Farias,
  • Rebeca Rivas,
  • Valdir de Queiroz Balbino,
  • Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal,
  • Neide Santos

摘要

Propolis is a substance produced by bees (Apis mellifera), originating from plant exudates, mixed with beeswax and saliva. Its widespread use in alternative medicine has stimulated the interest in exploring its biological properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic extract of red propolis by analyzing its cytotoxic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To assess cell viability, we conducted a colorimetric assay measuring cell metabolic activity (MTT assay) using concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 300 μg/ml. Our results revealed that concentrations equal to or below 100 μg/ml did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. For the genotoxicity analysis, we employed the micronucleus test at concentrations of 15, 30, and 60 μg/ml. Among these concentrations, only the 60 μg/ml concentration showed genotoxic effects. However, when metaphase analysis was evaluated, none of the three hydroethanolic extracts of red propolis concentrations (15, 30 and 60 μg/ml) exhibited significant chromosomal alterations, indicating an absence of genotoxic activity. Based on our findings, we emphasize that lower concentrations appear to be safe and non-genotoxic, while higher concentrations, particularly 60 μg/ml, exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Caution is warranted regarding the use of propolis in high concentrations, as it may pose a risk to human health.

Graphical Abstract