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<p>Microalgae are widely used as live feed in aquaculture, yet conventional photoautotrophic cultivation is constrained by light availability, high production costs, and limited biomass productivity. Mixotrophic strategies provide an effective alternative, but most studies rely on single, purified organic carbon sources and medium optimization, limiting industrial scalability. In this study, we propose a fermentation-enabled nutritional enhancement strategy using an optimized fermented agricultural hydrolysate to promote the growth of the marine diatom <i>Chaetoceros muelleri</i>. Systematic screening revealed that simple sugars and ethanol inhibited <i>C. muelleri</i> growth, whereas low concentrations of organic acids—particularly acetic acid—significantly stimulated biomass accumulation. Organic nitrogen sources derived from fermentation, including glutathione and small peptides, further enhanced growth compared to inorganic nitrate. A function-oriented microbial consortium was constructed to selectively enrich acetic acid during fermentation, while response surface methodology was applied to maximize small peptide production, achieving an experimentally validated peptide content of 36.96%. When applied to algal cultivation, supplementation with 0.25% (w/v) fermented agricultural hydrolysate increased the final cell density of <i>C. muelleri</i> to 1.50 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells&#xa0;mL<sup>−</sup>1, representing a 2.56-fold enhancement compared to the F/2 control and a 1.22-fold increase over equivalent acetic acid supplementation. These results demonstrate that the synergistic supply of fermentation-derived organic acids and bioavailable peptides, rather than single-nutrient optimization, underlies the observed productivity improvement.</p>

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Enhanced Chaetoceros muelleri growth using optimized fermented agricultural waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Yong Feng,
  • Keyi Li,
  • Yutong Xia,
  • Ping Wu,
  • Zhen Wang,
  • Shuhao Huo,
  • Guoqiang Guan,
  • Huayou Chen

摘要

Microalgae are widely used as live feed in aquaculture, yet conventional photoautotrophic cultivation is constrained by light availability, high production costs, and limited biomass productivity. Mixotrophic strategies provide an effective alternative, but most studies rely on single, purified organic carbon sources and medium optimization, limiting industrial scalability. In this study, we propose a fermentation-enabled nutritional enhancement strategy using an optimized fermented agricultural hydrolysate to promote the growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. Systematic screening revealed that simple sugars and ethanol inhibited C. muelleri growth, whereas low concentrations of organic acids—particularly acetic acid—significantly stimulated biomass accumulation. Organic nitrogen sources derived from fermentation, including glutathione and small peptides, further enhanced growth compared to inorganic nitrate. A function-oriented microbial consortium was constructed to selectively enrich acetic acid during fermentation, while response surface methodology was applied to maximize small peptide production, achieving an experimentally validated peptide content of 36.96%. When applied to algal cultivation, supplementation with 0.25% (w/v) fermented agricultural hydrolysate increased the final cell density of C. muelleri to 1.50 × 107 cells mL−1, representing a 2.56-fold enhancement compared to the F/2 control and a 1.22-fold increase over equivalent acetic acid supplementation. These results demonstrate that the synergistic supply of fermentation-derived organic acids and bioavailable peptides, rather than single-nutrient optimization, underlies the observed productivity improvement.