<p>Throughout Mesoamerica, quetzals (<i>Pharomachrus mocinno</i>) migrate altitudinally following seasonal fruit availability. However, less is known about how long-term changes in fruiting phenology affect quetzal abundance patterns, and how these patterns relate to fruit availability and tree species composition in their cloud forest breeding habitat. We aimed to determine (1) the long-term seasonal variation in quetzal abundance at higher elevations, (2) whether this is related to fruiting and rainfall patterns, (3) whether there are spatial associations between quetzals and habitat characteristics within the cloud forest, and (4) the composition of fruiting tree species that could influence quetzal distribution in El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico. Quetzal abundance data were collected monthly from 2010–2021, and fruit number and tree species composition from 2019–2021. To determine spaciotemporal relationships between quetzal abundance patterns, fruit production, rainfall and tree species composition, we used circular statistics, correlation coefficients, Generalized Linear Mixed Models, and a dissimilarity index. Between 2010 and 2020, the average date of highest seasonal quetzal presence was between January and April. Overall monthly quetzal abundance was temporally correlated (positively) with community fruit production, fruit biomass and the number of species with fruits. Local quetzal abundance was spatially positively associated with fruit biomass, tree species diversity and Lauraceae family trees, and negatively with stream distance. Our results suggest that habitat variables significantly influence quetzal abundance and distribution in El Triunfo cloud forest.</p>