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<p>Understanding how species distribution is associated with trait-environment relationships is decisive for quantifying the conservation value of different habitats. In this study, we used beak characteristics, body morphology (wing and tail), body mass, diet, vertical stratification, and local vegetation variables related to topography to identify traits that predict bird species distribution across a Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragment: the Mata dos Godoy State Park. Birds were surveyed visually and by vocalizations at 12 sampling points in the lowland habitat (~ 490&#xa0;m a.s.l.) and 12 in the upland habitat (~ 630&#xa0;m a.s.l.). We tested the trait-environment relationships mediated by species abundance using a multivariate approach based on RLQ and fourth-corner analyses, accounting for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation. Our results indicated that the topography, represented by lowland and upland habitats, is the primary environmental variable predicting species responses via functional traits. The topography strongly determines the functional clustering, benefiting some bamboo-adapted insectivorous species in the lowlands (e.g., <i>Capsiempis flaveola</i>, <i>Drymophila rubricollis</i>) and heavier granivorous species in the uplands (e.g., <i>Crypturellus tataupa</i>, <i>Patagioenas cayennensis</i>). Protected areas must encompass the region’s topography to ensure the long-term persistence of functionally dissimilar species and sustain bird ecosystem services and particular habitats. Our study provides novel functional insights into the effects of lowland and upland habitats on Neotropical bird assemblages, highlighting topography as a critical local-environment variable in habitat fragmentation studies.</p>

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Bird functional composition in an Atlantic Forest fragment: the importance of lowland and upland habitats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Fábio Z. Farneda,
  • Aline L. de Souza,
  • Guilherme Willrich,
  • Matheus E. Bortolloti,
  • Luiz dos Anjos,
  • Marcos Robalinho Lima

摘要

Understanding how species distribution is associated with trait-environment relationships is decisive for quantifying the conservation value of different habitats. In this study, we used beak characteristics, body morphology (wing and tail), body mass, diet, vertical stratification, and local vegetation variables related to topography to identify traits that predict bird species distribution across a Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragment: the Mata dos Godoy State Park. Birds were surveyed visually and by vocalizations at 12 sampling points in the lowland habitat (~ 490 m a.s.l.) and 12 in the upland habitat (~ 630 m a.s.l.). We tested the trait-environment relationships mediated by species abundance using a multivariate approach based on RLQ and fourth-corner analyses, accounting for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation. Our results indicated that the topography, represented by lowland and upland habitats, is the primary environmental variable predicting species responses via functional traits. The topography strongly determines the functional clustering, benefiting some bamboo-adapted insectivorous species in the lowlands (e.g., Capsiempis flaveola, Drymophila rubricollis) and heavier granivorous species in the uplands (e.g., Crypturellus tataupa, Patagioenas cayennensis). Protected areas must encompass the region’s topography to ensure the long-term persistence of functionally dissimilar species and sustain bird ecosystem services and particular habitats. Our study provides novel functional insights into the effects of lowland and upland habitats on Neotropical bird assemblages, highlighting topography as a critical local-environment variable in habitat fragmentation studies.