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<p>With the large‒scale grid integration of power converter systems (PCSs), the synchronous inertia support capability of traditional power systems has weakened, leading to reduced system strength and increased challenges in terms of frequency and voltage regulation. Grid‒forming PCSs (GFM-PCSs), which emulates rotating machine characteristics to provide virtual inertia support, are considered an effective solution to address the decline in system inertia. However, the response characteristics of GFM-PCSs differ from those of synchronous generators and synchronous condensers, and there is currently no authoritative technical method to evaluate their dynamic performance. To accurately assess the active power‒frequency droop performance, inertia constant, and damping performance of GFM-PCSs, this paper proposes a method based on the network frequency perturbation (NFP) approach to evaluate the dynamic response of GFM-PCSs. The inertia constant and damping coefficient of a 1.725&#xa0;MW power conversion system (PCS) prototype were validated on a hardware‒in‒the‒loop (HIL) simulation platform, and the impact of parameters on the output power response of GFM-PCSs under grid disturbances like phase jumps and RoCoF was analyzed. This study demonstrates that the NFP‒based method can be a valuable tool for system operators and equipment manufacturers to evaluate the inertia and damping performance of GFM-PCSs.</p>

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Assessment and validation of inertia and damping performance in grid-forming power conversion systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Jinghua Zhou,
  • Jin Li

摘要

With the large‒scale grid integration of power converter systems (PCSs), the synchronous inertia support capability of traditional power systems has weakened, leading to reduced system strength and increased challenges in terms of frequency and voltage regulation. Grid‒forming PCSs (GFM-PCSs), which emulates rotating machine characteristics to provide virtual inertia support, are considered an effective solution to address the decline in system inertia. However, the response characteristics of GFM-PCSs differ from those of synchronous generators and synchronous condensers, and there is currently no authoritative technical method to evaluate their dynamic performance. To accurately assess the active power‒frequency droop performance, inertia constant, and damping performance of GFM-PCSs, this paper proposes a method based on the network frequency perturbation (NFP) approach to evaluate the dynamic response of GFM-PCSs. The inertia constant and damping coefficient of a 1.725 MW power conversion system (PCS) prototype were validated on a hardware‒in‒the‒loop (HIL) simulation platform, and the impact of parameters on the output power response of GFM-PCSs under grid disturbances like phase jumps and RoCoF was analyzed. This study demonstrates that the NFP‒based method can be a valuable tool for system operators and equipment manufacturers to evaluate the inertia and damping performance of GFM-PCSs.