Multiple open-switch fault diagnosis in four-level ANPC inverters using adaptive CNN with reinforced attention
摘要
This paper proposes a fault diagnosis framework for multiple open-switch faults in four-level active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) inverters under limited labeled data conditions. In multilevel inverter systems, the number of possible fault combinations increases exponentially with the number of switches. The proposed method leverages one-phase voltage signals with half-bridge (HB) reconstruction to improve observability and reduce data requirements. An adaptive convolutional neural network with reinforced attention optimization (ACNN-RAO) is developed, where depthwise convolutions minimize the parameters and a reinforcement agent dynamically adjusts attention weights to enhance classification accuracy. For online implementation, three parallel models are deployed to classify single, double, and triple open-switch faults. Experimental results demonstrate 99.6% diagnostic accuracy with 96% fewer labeled data, and fault identification within 1.5 fundamental cycles.