<p>The application of permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) in machine tools and robots necessitates fundamental requirements that include precise tracking capabilities and robust performance. However, uncertainties, including fluctuations in parameters and load disruptions, deteriorate the servo performance of the PMLSM system. This paper introduces a precision motion control method for the PMLSM, employing an adaptive backstepping second-order complementary sliding mode controller (ABSOCSMC) to attain superior performance in servo control applications. To eliminate uncertainties, the ABSOCSMC is introduced by integrating the precision of complementary sliding mode control (CSMC) with the robustness of second-order sliding mode control (SOSMC), guaranteeing the enhanced robustness and precise tracking capabilities of the system. Furthermore, to mitigate the chattering effect resulting from the traditional sign function, a fractional-order sign function is incorporated into the control law of the ABSOCSMC. Therefore, the tracking error can be minimized to zero, and the reaching time of the convergence period is shortened. Experimental curves demonstrate that the ABSOCSMC can effectively suppress parameter perturbations and load disruptions, enabling the system to possess high accuracy and strong robustness.</p>