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<p>Oscillating water column (OWC) wave-energy converters driven by permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) offer a promising route to sustainable power. However, their nonlinear dynamics and rapidly varying sea states undermine conventional control schemes. Classical sliding-mode control (SMC) is robust but causes chattering. Linear or adaptive methods cannot simultaneously deliver fast transients and low power-quality distortion under both regular wave (RW) and irregular (IW) wave conditions. To address these limitations, this study develops a fractional-order super-twisting sliding-mode control (FOSTSMC) for grid-connected OWC-PMSG systems. Fractional calculus is embedded in the integral sliding surface and reaching law. This provides a tunable trade-off between rapid convergence and chattering suppression. A Lyapunov analysis demonstrates global stability against parameter uncertainties and wave disturbances. Simulations on a 35 KW benchmark show that, compared with nonlinear adaptive backstepping, first-order SMC, and conventional super-twisting SMC, the proposed controller improves current-tracking accuracy by about 16%. It shortens speed-settling time by 25%. It also keeps grid-current total harmonic distortion below 1.75% under IW excitation. These results highlight the potential of FOSTSMC to enhance the reliability and grid compatibility of practical wave-energy systems.</p>

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Fractional-order super-twisting sliding mode control for grid-connected PMSG-based oscillating water column wave energy converters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Lixian Wang,
  • Lidong Wang,
  • Zhongfeng Li

摘要

Oscillating water column (OWC) wave-energy converters driven by permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) offer a promising route to sustainable power. However, their nonlinear dynamics and rapidly varying sea states undermine conventional control schemes. Classical sliding-mode control (SMC) is robust but causes chattering. Linear or adaptive methods cannot simultaneously deliver fast transients and low power-quality distortion under both regular wave (RW) and irregular (IW) wave conditions. To address these limitations, this study develops a fractional-order super-twisting sliding-mode control (FOSTSMC) for grid-connected OWC-PMSG systems. Fractional calculus is embedded in the integral sliding surface and reaching law. This provides a tunable trade-off between rapid convergence and chattering suppression. A Lyapunov analysis demonstrates global stability against parameter uncertainties and wave disturbances. Simulations on a 35 KW benchmark show that, compared with nonlinear adaptive backstepping, first-order SMC, and conventional super-twisting SMC, the proposed controller improves current-tracking accuracy by about 16%. It shortens speed-settling time by 25%. It also keeps grid-current total harmonic distortion below 1.75% under IW excitation. These results highlight the potential of FOSTSMC to enhance the reliability and grid compatibility of practical wave-energy systems.