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<p>This paper proposes a model predictive controller (MPC) for a dual-stacked bidirectional DC–DC converter in electric vehicles (EVs). In conventional MPC, switching frequency varies for every change in operating point of the converter. In the proposed MPC strategy, the weighing factor is updated based on the ripple in the inductor current to maintain a constant switching frequency. This controller is used to regulate load voltage during the acceleration of an EV and battery current during deceleration operation. To highlight the response of the proposed MPC, a proportional–integral (PI) controller is implemented. Based on the charging and discharging intervals of the inductor, a dual-stacked bidirectional DC–DC converter operates in two different modes of operation: synchronous and asynchronous. Simulation results indicate that the proposed MPC exhibits better voltage regulation with a minimum load voltage ripple of 3.62% in synchronous mode and 2.89% in asynchronous mode during acceleration operation. Similarly, the battery charging current has a ripple of 6.7% in synchronous mode and 6.66% in asynchronous mode during deceleration operation. A prototype based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a power rating of 200&#xa0;W is built to validate the simulated results.</p>

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Model predictive controller for a dual-stacked bidirectional DC–DC converter in electric vehicle applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Nivetha Akilapandiyan,
  • Kavitha Anbukumar,
  • Easwar Kandaswamy

摘要

This paper proposes a model predictive controller (MPC) for a dual-stacked bidirectional DC–DC converter in electric vehicles (EVs). In conventional MPC, switching frequency varies for every change in operating point of the converter. In the proposed MPC strategy, the weighing factor is updated based on the ripple in the inductor current to maintain a constant switching frequency. This controller is used to regulate load voltage during the acceleration of an EV and battery current during deceleration operation. To highlight the response of the proposed MPC, a proportional–integral (PI) controller is implemented. Based on the charging and discharging intervals of the inductor, a dual-stacked bidirectional DC–DC converter operates in two different modes of operation: synchronous and asynchronous. Simulation results indicate that the proposed MPC exhibits better voltage regulation with a minimum load voltage ripple of 3.62% in synchronous mode and 2.89% in asynchronous mode during acceleration operation. Similarly, the battery charging current has a ripple of 6.7% in synchronous mode and 6.66% in asynchronous mode during deceleration operation. A prototype based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a power rating of 200 W is built to validate the simulated results.