<p>Soil erosion poses a substantial threat to the agricultural productivity and ecological stability of the Chambal River Basin (CRB) of India, an area characterized by steep ravines, gorges, and erodible alluvial soils. This study aims to quantify spatial and temporal patterns of soil erosion and sediment yield across the CRB and to identify priority zones for mitigation using an integrated modeling approach. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was coupled with the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model to evaluate both soil loss and the proportion of eroded material delivered to the river system. Results indicate that most of the basin experiences slight to moderate erosion, with average annual rates of approximately 15–25 t/ha/yr, while severe erosion occurs mainly in steep and ravine-prone sub-watersheds. Temporal analysis from 2015 to 2024 shows a gradual increase in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), reflecting improved vegetation cover, which corresponds with decreasing Land Surface Temperature (LST) and reduced erosion intensity. A strong inverse correlation among NDVI, LST, and soil erosion confirms vegetation,s controlling role in minimizing soil loss. The erosion risk map, integrated with SDR, indicates that gully control structures and vegetative stabilization are the most urgent and effective intervention measures for critical hotspots. These findings contribute to sustainable land management and directly support the achievement of several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to land degradation neutrality and ecosystem resilience.</p>