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<p>This study investigates rare earth elements (REEs), trace elements (TEs), and the bulk geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Dakhla and Esna formations in the Dababiya GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) area, Egypt, to interpret paleo-depositional conditions, paleoclimate and provenance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show a dominance of calcite, quartz and clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite). Major oxides and TEs geochemistry reveal notable variation between the two formations; the Esna Formation (especially El Mahmiya and Dababiya members) showing higher concentrations of many elements than the Dakhla Formation. Paleoredox proxies (e.g., U/Th, Ce anomaly (δCe), V/Cr, Ni/Co) indicate predominantly oxic depositional conditions, with episodic shifts toward suboxic–anoxic states especially in the Dababiya Quarry Member during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Ce/La ratios and negative δCe values further support an overall oxygenated marine setting. Sediment source characterization based on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> ratios suggests a mixed intermediate to felsic provenance. Geochemical indicators also reflect a fluctuating paleoclimate, oscillating between arid and humid phases. These findings demonstrate the utility of REEs and TEs as effective tools for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and sediment provenance. The study clarifies stratigraphic distinctions between the Dakhla and Esna formations and contributes to regional paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the PETM in North Africa.</p>

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Paleo-environmental conditions and provenance of the Dakhla and Esna formations, Dababiya GSSP area, Luxor, egypt: rare Earth and trace elements geochemical approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Esmat A. Abou El-Anwar,
  • Zeinab L. Belal,
  • Salman A. Salman,
  • Nahed A. A. Azab,
  • Mohammed A. Abd El Samee

摘要

This study investigates rare earth elements (REEs), trace elements (TEs), and the bulk geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Dakhla and Esna formations in the Dababiya GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) area, Egypt, to interpret paleo-depositional conditions, paleoclimate and provenance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show a dominance of calcite, quartz and clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite). Major oxides and TEs geochemistry reveal notable variation between the two formations; the Esna Formation (especially El Mahmiya and Dababiya members) showing higher concentrations of many elements than the Dakhla Formation. Paleoredox proxies (e.g., U/Th, Ce anomaly (δCe), V/Cr, Ni/Co) indicate predominantly oxic depositional conditions, with episodic shifts toward suboxic–anoxic states especially in the Dababiya Quarry Member during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Ce/La ratios and negative δCe values further support an overall oxygenated marine setting. Sediment source characterization based on Al2O3/TiO2 ratios suggests a mixed intermediate to felsic provenance. Geochemical indicators also reflect a fluctuating paleoclimate, oscillating between arid and humid phases. These findings demonstrate the utility of REEs and TEs as effective tools for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and sediment provenance. The study clarifies stratigraphic distinctions between the Dakhla and Esna formations and contributes to regional paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the PETM in North Africa.