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<p>We investigate how MgO incorporation (14–32&#xa0;mol%) modulates the physical, thermal, and optical responses of Ag<sub>2</sub>O-containing ZnO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> phosphate glasses, and connect these changes to structure, durability, and antibacterial function. Physical measurements show linear decreases in density and molar volume with MgO, accompanied by reduced atomic packing density and increased free volume, consistent with network loosening. Thermal analysis reveals a rise in glass transition temperature and a concomitant narrowing of glass forming ability as MgO increases, indicating enhanced thermal stability but a diminished glass-forming window at higher MgO contents. Optical signatures demonstrate stronger 415-nm absorption and Ag 3d XPS shifts toward Ag<sup>0</sup> with MgO, evidencing a reduction shift from Ag<sup>+</sup> to Ag<sup>0</sup>. Corroborating structural spectroscopies show growth of non-bridging oxygens (O 1s XPS; FT-IR near ~ 925&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup>) and composition-dependent Raman intensity changes (∼345, 530&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> up; ∼700, 1170, 1280&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> down); <sup>31</sup>P MAS NMR deconvolution identifies Q<sup>2</sup> and Q<sup>3</sup> only, with a steep Q<sup>3</sup> decline beyond ~ 20&#xa0;mol% MgO, marking accelerated depolymerization. Leaching tests reveal monotonic weight-loss increases with MgO, culminating in complete dissolution at the highest level, while antibacterial assays show uniformly high activity against <i>E. coli</i> but decreasing efficacy against <i>S. aureus</i> as Ag<sup>+</sup> availability drops. These results map a composition window in which MgO-driven depolymerization and Ag redox jointly govern stability and function, providing guidance for balancing durability with sustained Ag<sup>+</sup>-mediated antibacterial performance.</p>

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Effect of MgO/P2O5 ratio on the structure and antibacterial property of Ag2O doped zinc phosphate glass

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Jeongho Cho,
  • Bongki Ryu,
  • Jaeyeop Chung

摘要

We investigate how MgO incorporation (14–32 mol%) modulates the physical, thermal, and optical responses of Ag2O-containing ZnO–MgO–P2O5 phosphate glasses, and connect these changes to structure, durability, and antibacterial function. Physical measurements show linear decreases in density and molar volume with MgO, accompanied by reduced atomic packing density and increased free volume, consistent with network loosening. Thermal analysis reveals a rise in glass transition temperature and a concomitant narrowing of glass forming ability as MgO increases, indicating enhanced thermal stability but a diminished glass-forming window at higher MgO contents. Optical signatures demonstrate stronger 415-nm absorption and Ag 3d XPS shifts toward Ag0 with MgO, evidencing a reduction shift from Ag+ to Ag0. Corroborating structural spectroscopies show growth of non-bridging oxygens (O 1s XPS; FT-IR near ~ 925 cm− 1) and composition-dependent Raman intensity changes (∼345, 530 cm− 1 up; ∼700, 1170, 1280 cm− 1 down); 31P MAS NMR deconvolution identifies Q2 and Q3 only, with a steep Q3 decline beyond ~ 20 mol% MgO, marking accelerated depolymerization. Leaching tests reveal monotonic weight-loss increases with MgO, culminating in complete dissolution at the highest level, while antibacterial assays show uniformly high activity against E. coli but decreasing efficacy against S. aureus as Ag+ availability drops. These results map a composition window in which MgO-driven depolymerization and Ag redox jointly govern stability and function, providing guidance for balancing durability with sustained Ag+-mediated antibacterial performance.