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<p>Hybrid nanomaterials have recently gained attention for solar-light-driven removal of organic dyes from industrial wastewater. A pure MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub>, and a binary MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/MnO<sub>2</sub> (MF/MO) nanohybrid were synthesized using a Sol–Gel method for photocatalytic activity in methylene blue dye removal. Characterization via XRD, FTIR, VSM, PL, EIS, and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and results revealed that the crystalline phase, magnetic, optical, and electrochemical properties of the hybrid material were significantly affected. Results showed preserved crystalline phases in all composites, with an average crystallite size of 39–91&#xa0;nm. UV–Vis absorption revealed bandgap narrowing in composites, with MF/MO4 showing a minimum of 1.89&#xa0;eV. PL analysis exhibited suppressed charge recombination, especially in MF/MO4, while VSM confirmed soft ferromagnetism suitable for magnetic recovery. EIS and transient photocurrent responses further verified improved charge separation and conductivity in MF/MO4. Under solar irradiation, MF/MO4 achieved 78.15% methylene blue degradation in 90&#xa0;min, outperforming pure MFO (55.2%) and MO (64.1%), with the highest kinetic rate constant of 0.021&#xa0;min⁻<sup>1</sup>. Optimum performance was observed at pH 8, 30&#xa0;mg/L catalyst dose, and 20&#xa0;mg/L dye concentration. The catalyst retained high stability over four cycles with minimal efficiency loss (from 95.7 to 90.6%) and preserved its phase structure. Trapping experiments identified <sup>•</sup>OH and e⁻ as dominant reactive species. This work highlights MF/MO4 as a robust, magnetically separable, and solar-active photocatalyst with strong potential for scalable wastewater treatment applications.</p>

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MgFe2O4/MnO2 heterojunction with the synergistic effect of magnetic reparability and visible light-responsive photocatalytic material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Jawad Ahmad Kamran,
  • Ismat Bibi,
  • Aamir Ghafoor,
  • Farzana Majid,
  • Shagufta Kamal,
  • Kashif Jilani,
  • Shazia Nouren,
  • Norah Alwadai,
  • Manikandan Ayyar,
  • Munawar Iqbal

摘要

Hybrid nanomaterials have recently gained attention for solar-light-driven removal of organic dyes from industrial wastewater. A pure MgFe2O4, MnO2, and a binary MgFe2O4/MnO2 (MF/MO) nanohybrid were synthesized using a Sol–Gel method for photocatalytic activity in methylene blue dye removal. Characterization via XRD, FTIR, VSM, PL, EIS, and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and results revealed that the crystalline phase, magnetic, optical, and electrochemical properties of the hybrid material were significantly affected. Results showed preserved crystalline phases in all composites, with an average crystallite size of 39–91 nm. UV–Vis absorption revealed bandgap narrowing in composites, with MF/MO4 showing a minimum of 1.89 eV. PL analysis exhibited suppressed charge recombination, especially in MF/MO4, while VSM confirmed soft ferromagnetism suitable for magnetic recovery. EIS and transient photocurrent responses further verified improved charge separation and conductivity in MF/MO4. Under solar irradiation, MF/MO4 achieved 78.15% methylene blue degradation in 90 min, outperforming pure MFO (55.2%) and MO (64.1%), with the highest kinetic rate constant of 0.021 min⁻1. Optimum performance was observed at pH 8, 30 mg/L catalyst dose, and 20 mg/L dye concentration. The catalyst retained high stability over four cycles with minimal efficiency loss (from 95.7 to 90.6%) and preserved its phase structure. Trapping experiments identified •OH and e⁻ as dominant reactive species. This work highlights MF/MO4 as a robust, magnetically separable, and solar-active photocatalyst with strong potential for scalable wastewater treatment applications.