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<p>While solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) using self-floating monodispersed photothermal microspheres has emerged as a promising method for eco-friendly and continuous clean water production without performance degradation by contaminant accumulation, few studies have been conducted on self-floating SIE due to the lack of appropriate synthesis methods for the self-floating, large-size photothermal particles. In this study, a facile and versatile spray pyrolysis-based process is demonstrated to synthesize self-floating black TiO<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> microspheres. This process facilitates defect engineering within the bulk region of large-sized metal oxides to enhance photothermal properties, a capability that is challenging to achieve with conventional reduction-based methods. The physicochemical properties&#xa0;as a function of process conditions were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that high concentrations of oxygen vacancies, which were introduced within the bulk region of the black TiO<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> microspheres, extended the light absorption range, improved absorptivity across a wide spectrum, and enhanced photo-to-heat conversion by promoting non-radiative recombination. Consequently, the synthesized defective TiO<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> microspheres exhibited an outstanding solar-driven interfacial evaporation rate of 0.532&#xa0;kgm<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup>. While floating independently without hydrophilic support, the evaporation performance of the self-floating TiO<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> microspheres is 1.63-fold faster than that of bulk water evaporation under light irradiation with an intensity of 1&#xa0;kWm<sup>−2</sup>. </p>

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Spray pyrolysis-based synthesis of self-floating black TiO2-x microspheres for solar-driven interfacial evaporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月12日

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  • Seungheon Han,
  • Hee Yeon Jeon,
  • Myeongjun Ji,
  • Young-In Lee

摘要

While solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) using self-floating monodispersed photothermal microspheres has emerged as a promising method for eco-friendly and continuous clean water production without performance degradation by contaminant accumulation, few studies have been conducted on self-floating SIE due to the lack of appropriate synthesis methods for the self-floating, large-size photothermal particles. In this study, a facile and versatile spray pyrolysis-based process is demonstrated to synthesize self-floating black TiO2-x microspheres. This process facilitates defect engineering within the bulk region of large-sized metal oxides to enhance photothermal properties, a capability that is challenging to achieve with conventional reduction-based methods. The physicochemical properties as a function of process conditions were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that high concentrations of oxygen vacancies, which were introduced within the bulk region of the black TiO2-x microspheres, extended the light absorption range, improved absorptivity across a wide spectrum, and enhanced photo-to-heat conversion by promoting non-radiative recombination. Consequently, the synthesized defective TiO2-x microspheres exhibited an outstanding solar-driven interfacial evaporation rate of 0.532 kgm−2 h−1. While floating independently without hydrophilic support, the evaporation performance of the self-floating TiO2-x microspheres is 1.63-fold faster than that of bulk water evaporation under light irradiation with an intensity of 1 kWm−2.