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<p>Particulate matter 2.5 (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is an air pollutant that causes skin inflammation and aging. Phloroglucinol (PG) is a naturally occurring polyphenol with strong antioxidant potential that is widely used in pharmaceutical production. Information regarding the protective effect of PG against PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced cellular damage is lacking; therefore, this study evaluated the protective effect of PG against the detrimental effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. PG reduced cellular reactive oxygen species levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PG reduced PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, protein carbonylation, 8-isoprostane, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels. PG reduced PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. PG restored PM<sub>2.5</sub>-impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1) protein expression. Furthermore, PG reduced PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related protein expression. Assessment of mouse skin tissue further confirmed that PG could restore PM<sub>2.5</sub>-reduced Nrf2 and Ho-1 expression and reduce PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced thickening of the mouse epidermis. Overall, PG exhibited a strong potential to reduce PM<sub>2.5</sub>-mediated skin cell damage by activating the antioxidant defense system.</p>

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Phloroglucinol protects skin cells from particulate matter 2.5-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan Fernando,
  • Kyoung Ah Kang,
  • Mei Jing Piao,
  • Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini Herath,
  • Herath Mudiyanselage Maheshika Madhuwanthi Senavirathna,
  • Mee Jung Ahn,
  • Changlim Hyun,
  • Jin Won Hyun

摘要

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that causes skin inflammation and aging. Phloroglucinol (PG) is a naturally occurring polyphenol with strong antioxidant potential that is widely used in pharmaceutical production. Information regarding the protective effect of PG against PM2.5-induced cellular damage is lacking; therefore, this study evaluated the protective effect of PG against the detrimental effects of PM2.5. PG reduced cellular reactive oxygen species levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PG reduced PM2.5-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, protein carbonylation, 8-isoprostane, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels. PG reduced PM2.5-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. PG restored PM2.5-impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1) protein expression. Furthermore, PG reduced PM2.5-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related protein expression. Assessment of mouse skin tissue further confirmed that PG could restore PM2.5-reduced Nrf2 and Ho-1 expression and reduce PM2.5-induced thickening of the mouse epidermis. Overall, PG exhibited a strong potential to reduce PM2.5-mediated skin cell damage by activating the antioxidant defense system.