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<p>Nano-γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was synthesized from Bayer’s sodium aluminate liquor by various neutralization agents, including acetic acid (AA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The selected precursor calcined and served as a support for the CoMo catalyst, which was synthesized via the incipient wetness impregnation technique. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance of the synthesized CoMo catalyst was evaluated against a commercial naphtha hydrotreating catalyst by a model feed consisting of thiophene (1000 ppm S), 1-hexene (20 vol%), and n-heptane (80 vol%). The synthesized supports and catalyst were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption−desorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)-Mapping, NH<sub>3</sub> temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD), and H<sub>2</sub> temperature-programmed reduction (H<sub>2</sub>-TPR). The results revealed that the selected mesoporous nano-γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, featuring a particle size of 29&#xa0;nm, a surface area of 307.15 m<sup>2</sup>/g, a pore volume of 0.61 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, and a pore size of 7.94&#xa0;nm. The CoMo/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst exhibited improved availability of acidic sites and superior distribution of the active phase on the catalyst surface, as indicated by NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD and H<sub>2</sub>-TPR analyses. As a result, the synthesized catalyst showed enhanced capability in HDS and demonstrated a better selectivity factor over the temperature range (T = 220–280&#xa0;°C), <i>P</i> = 2&#xa0;MPa, Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 10&#xa0;h<sup>− 1</sup>, and H<sub>2</sub>/feed = 120 NL/L. Thus, using Bayer’s liquor as an inexpensive and readily available precursor for the straightforward synthesis of nano-γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, without the need for complex tools or synthesis conditions, can facilitate the large-scale production of HDS catalyst supports.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable synthesis and characterization of nano gamma-alumina from Bayer’s process liquor and its application as a support for CO-MO catalyst in FCC Naphtha hydrodesulfurization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Zahra Mirghiasi,
  • Seyed Mahdi Latifi,
  • Mehdi Rashidzadeh,
  • Hamid Kiarad,
  • Alireza Salehirad

摘要

Nano-γ-Al2O3 was synthesized from Bayer’s sodium aluminate liquor by various neutralization agents, including acetic acid (AA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The selected precursor calcined and served as a support for the CoMo catalyst, which was synthesized via the incipient wetness impregnation technique. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance of the synthesized CoMo catalyst was evaluated against a commercial naphtha hydrotreating catalyst by a model feed consisting of thiophene (1000 ppm S), 1-hexene (20 vol%), and n-heptane (80 vol%). The synthesized supports and catalyst were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption−desorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)-Mapping, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results revealed that the selected mesoporous nano-γ-Al2O3, featuring a particle size of 29 nm, a surface area of 307.15 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.61 cm3/g, and a pore size of 7.94 nm. The CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited improved availability of acidic sites and superior distribution of the active phase on the catalyst surface, as indicated by NH3-TPD and H2-TPR analyses. As a result, the synthesized catalyst showed enhanced capability in HDS and demonstrated a better selectivity factor over the temperature range (T = 220–280 °C), P = 2 MPa, Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 10 h− 1, and H2/feed = 120 NL/L. Thus, using Bayer’s liquor as an inexpensive and readily available precursor for the straightforward synthesis of nano-γ-Al2O3, without the need for complex tools or synthesis conditions, can facilitate the large-scale production of HDS catalyst supports.

Graphical abstract