<p>Electrocoagulation (EC), an electrochemical technology, has developed as an effective and environmental acceptable wastewater treatment method for the removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants. The performance of the EC process is largely influenced by the type of electrode material used, as it affects pollutant removal efficiency, electrochemical activity, and operational stability. Electrode materials such as aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) are widely utilized due to their high efficiency in producing coagulant species; however, research is expanding into advanced modified electrode in aspect to its energy consumption. Despite its advantages, challenges remain in electrode passivation, energy efficiency. Further research on innovative electrode materials and energy optimization strategies is required to improve electro-coagulation efficiency and sustainability. The choice of electrode material and structure specifically, porous versus nonporous electrodes plays a pivotal role in determining both energy efficiency and pollutant removal performance. Compared to non-porous electrodes, porous electrode architectures offer an energy-efficient approach and substantially lower the operating costs of EC. However, the associated challenges, limitations and performance aspects of porous electrodes still require comprehensive investigation. The current investigation is highlighted the systematically examines of research on porous and nonporous electrode geometry, comparative advantages, operational challenges and future prospects for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment using EC.</p>