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<p>Pickering emulsions formulated from lignocellulosic materials have been employed due to their distinctive properties, enabling a broad range of applications. In this study, cellulose and lignin were extracted from sisal fibers using a chemical process. X-ray diffraction confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment in obtaining hydrolyzed cellulose, which exhibited a crystallinity index of 94.8%, and indicated highly amorphous nature of lignin. FTIR analysis identified the main vibrational modes of lignin, confirming its precipitation from the mercerized liquor. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that hydrolyzed cellulose was thermally stable up to 250&#xa0;°C, while lignin was stable up to 200&#xa0;°C. SEM images showed fiber separation during the treatment, resulting in hydrolyzed cellulose with an average thickness of 4.74 ± 2.01&#xa0;μm. Emulsions containing 5% pine oil in water were stabilized using different proportions of the extracted biopolymers and evaluated over a period of 7 days. The smallest droplet diameters, 2.07&#xa0;μm on day 0 and 2.97&#xa0;μm on day 7, were observed for the emulsion prepared with 1.8% lignin and 1.2% cellulose, added sequentially in that order. The order of addition influenced the stabilization mechanism, in which lignin contributed to oil droplet separation, while cellulose acted as a stabilizing and thickening agent, forming a network-like structure within the emulsion. Viscosity analyses supported these observations, as emulsions with smaller droplet sizes also exhibited higher viscosities. These results indicate that cellulose and lignin extracted from sisal are effective stabilizers for pine oil–based emulsions, a versatile yet underexplored vegetable oil.</p>

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Cellulose and lignin from Sisal fiber: A green approach for Pickering emulsions with vegetable oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Débora Vitória Firmino Andrade Silva,
  • Maria Eduarda Araújo Pessoa,
  • João Pedro Gonçalves de Souza Soares,
  • Iara Caroline Assunção Dorigon,
  • José Cavalcante de Queiroz Neto,
  • Felipe Lopes Brum,
  • José Elson Soares Filho,
  • Fabiola Dias da Silva Curbelo

摘要

Pickering emulsions formulated from lignocellulosic materials have been employed due to their distinctive properties, enabling a broad range of applications. In this study, cellulose and lignin were extracted from sisal fibers using a chemical process. X-ray diffraction confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment in obtaining hydrolyzed cellulose, which exhibited a crystallinity index of 94.8%, and indicated highly amorphous nature of lignin. FTIR analysis identified the main vibrational modes of lignin, confirming its precipitation from the mercerized liquor. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that hydrolyzed cellulose was thermally stable up to 250 °C, while lignin was stable up to 200 °C. SEM images showed fiber separation during the treatment, resulting in hydrolyzed cellulose with an average thickness of 4.74 ± 2.01 μm. Emulsions containing 5% pine oil in water were stabilized using different proportions of the extracted biopolymers and evaluated over a period of 7 days. The smallest droplet diameters, 2.07 μm on day 0 and 2.97 μm on day 7, were observed for the emulsion prepared with 1.8% lignin and 1.2% cellulose, added sequentially in that order. The order of addition influenced the stabilization mechanism, in which lignin contributed to oil droplet separation, while cellulose acted as a stabilizing and thickening agent, forming a network-like structure within the emulsion. Viscosity analyses supported these observations, as emulsions with smaller droplet sizes also exhibited higher viscosities. These results indicate that cellulose and lignin extracted from sisal are effective stabilizers for pine oil–based emulsions, a versatile yet underexplored vegetable oil.