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<p>A sequential Fenton-anaerobic biodegradation process was developed for efficient removal of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon from aqueous solution. In the first stage, Fenton oxidation achieved 48.9% removal of diazinon within 20&#xa0;min at optimized reagent dosages, generating toxic intermediates such as diazoxon and sulfotep. The pretreated effluent was subsequently treated by anaerobic biodegradation using diazinon-adapted sludge, resulting in complete elimination of these intermediates and an overall removal efficiency of 94.4% for an initial 22.4&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> diazinon solution over 96.3&#xa0;h. GC–MS confirmed the transformation of hazardous by-products into less harmful hydrocarbons, including 1-tetradecene, 1-nonadecene, and 1-octadecene. Microbial analysis showed a shift from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria after exposure, reflecting selective survival under pesticide stress. These results demonstrate that coupling Fenton pretreatment with anaerobic biodegradation provides a cost-effective strategy for complete detoxification of diazinon-contaminated water.</p>

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Dual-stage fenton–anaerobic treatment achieving complete elimination of diazinon and its toxic intermediates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh,
  • Rafid Kamal Jameel,
  • Ahmed Aldulaimi,
  • Rafid Jihad Albadr,
  • Waam Mohammed Taher,
  • Mariem Alwan,
  • Akmal Abilkasimov,
  • Ruslanbek Siddikov,
  • Abdusalom Umarov,
  • Aseel Smerat,
  • Mustafa Ahmed Diab

摘要

A sequential Fenton-anaerobic biodegradation process was developed for efficient removal of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon from aqueous solution. In the first stage, Fenton oxidation achieved 48.9% removal of diazinon within 20 min at optimized reagent dosages, generating toxic intermediates such as diazoxon and sulfotep. The pretreated effluent was subsequently treated by anaerobic biodegradation using diazinon-adapted sludge, resulting in complete elimination of these intermediates and an overall removal efficiency of 94.4% for an initial 22.4 mg L−1 diazinon solution over 96.3 h. GC–MS confirmed the transformation of hazardous by-products into less harmful hydrocarbons, including 1-tetradecene, 1-nonadecene, and 1-octadecene. Microbial analysis showed a shift from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria after exposure, reflecting selective survival under pesticide stress. These results demonstrate that coupling Fenton pretreatment with anaerobic biodegradation provides a cost-effective strategy for complete detoxification of diazinon-contaminated water.