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<p>Vegetable oil refineries generate highly polluted wastewater characterized by elevated concentrations of suspended solids, polyphenols, and phosphorus. The uncontrolled discharge of these pollutants can have a severe impact on both aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study proposes an efficient and cost-effective treatment strategy that combines coagulation-flocculation with gravity-induced flotation, aiming to enhance the removal of key pollutants. A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize three critical parameters: pH (ranging from 4.5 to 6.5), ferric chloride (FeCl₃, 40%) concentration as coagulant (1–2&#xa0;g/L), and Drewfloc 2448 flocculant dosage (0.8–1.2&#xa0;mg/L). The experimental results showed that optimal removal efficiencies were achieved at a pH of 5.5, using 1.5&#xa0;g/L of coagulant and 1.2&#xa0;mg/L of flocculant. Under these conditions, turbidity removal reached 96.34%, polyphenols 47.40%, and phosphorus 60.95%, outperforming conventional treatment processes. Statistical analysis through ANOVA confirmed the significance of the model, with coefficients of determination (R²) exceeding 0.91 for all responses, indicating a strong correlation between the process variables and pollutant removal efficiencies. Residual plots and PRESS statistics further validated the model’s predictive reliability. These findings highlight the potential of combining coagulation-flocculation with flotation for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. This optimized approach not only ensures high treatment efficiency but also represents a scalable and economically viable solution for wastewater treatment in the vegetable oil industry. Moreover, it contributes to sustainable water management by facilitating the reduction of pollutants and enabling the possible reuse or safer discharge of treated water.</p>

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Optimizing Flotation/Coagulation-Flocculation processes for vegetable oil refinery wastewater: A Box-Behnken approach to enhance turbidity, phenol, and phosphorus removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Amina khalidi-idrissi,
  • Abdelaziz Madinzi,
  • Safaa Khattabi Rifi,
  • Khaoula El Majdoub,
  • Anas Driouich,
  • Salah Souabi

摘要

Vegetable oil refineries generate highly polluted wastewater characterized by elevated concentrations of suspended solids, polyphenols, and phosphorus. The uncontrolled discharge of these pollutants can have a severe impact on both aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study proposes an efficient and cost-effective treatment strategy that combines coagulation-flocculation with gravity-induced flotation, aiming to enhance the removal of key pollutants. A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize three critical parameters: pH (ranging from 4.5 to 6.5), ferric chloride (FeCl₃, 40%) concentration as coagulant (1–2 g/L), and Drewfloc 2448 flocculant dosage (0.8–1.2 mg/L). The experimental results showed that optimal removal efficiencies were achieved at a pH of 5.5, using 1.5 g/L of coagulant and 1.2 mg/L of flocculant. Under these conditions, turbidity removal reached 96.34%, polyphenols 47.40%, and phosphorus 60.95%, outperforming conventional treatment processes. Statistical analysis through ANOVA confirmed the significance of the model, with coefficients of determination (R²) exceeding 0.91 for all responses, indicating a strong correlation between the process variables and pollutant removal efficiencies. Residual plots and PRESS statistics further validated the model’s predictive reliability. These findings highlight the potential of combining coagulation-flocculation with flotation for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. This optimized approach not only ensures high treatment efficiency but also represents a scalable and economically viable solution for wastewater treatment in the vegetable oil industry. Moreover, it contributes to sustainable water management by facilitating the reduction of pollutants and enabling the possible reuse or safer discharge of treated water.