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<p>The carnauba palm (<i>Copernicia prunifera</i>), native to Brazil’s semi-arid Northeast and tolerant of saline, poorly drained soils, presents significant yet underutilized economic potential. Its seeds, though largely neglected, are rich in oil composed of short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids—similar to those found in coconut and palm kernel oils—as well as valuable antioxidants. This study investigates the extraction of bioactive compounds from carnauba seeds using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), in comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction. SFE was conducted under varying operational parameters, including pressure (20–30&#xa0;MPa), temperature (40–80&#xa0;°C), solvent-to-feed ratio (36–72), and particle size (0.77–1.54&#xa0;mm). The highest oil yield (6.16%) was achieved at 80&#xa0;°C, 30&#xa0;MPa, and an S/F ratio of 54 with smaller particle size. Under these conditions, SFE produced oil enriched in medium-chain fatty acids, particularly lauric acid, and enabled efficient recovery of tocols. The maximum tocol content (354.94&#xa0;mg/kg), with the highest α-tocopherol concentration, was observed at the same temperature and pressure but with larger particle size. In contrast, Soxhlet extraction yielded higher levels of β- and γ-tocopherols. These findings demonstrate that SFE is a sustainable and efficient method for extracting high-value oils and antioxidants from carnauba seeds, highlighting its potential to support bioeconomic development and the conservation of native biomes.</p>

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Extraction of tocopherol-rich oil from carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) seeds using supercritical CO₂ and Soxhlet methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Mateus de Souza Buriti,
  • Luz Milagros Follegatti-Romero,
  • Edgar Recavarren-Rios,
  • Priscilla Carvalho Veggi,
  • Klicia Araujo Sampaio,
  • Luis Alberto Follegatti–Romero

摘要

The carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera), native to Brazil’s semi-arid Northeast and tolerant of saline, poorly drained soils, presents significant yet underutilized economic potential. Its seeds, though largely neglected, are rich in oil composed of short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids—similar to those found in coconut and palm kernel oils—as well as valuable antioxidants. This study investigates the extraction of bioactive compounds from carnauba seeds using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), in comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction. SFE was conducted under varying operational parameters, including pressure (20–30 MPa), temperature (40–80 °C), solvent-to-feed ratio (36–72), and particle size (0.77–1.54 mm). The highest oil yield (6.16%) was achieved at 80 °C, 30 MPa, and an S/F ratio of 54 with smaller particle size. Under these conditions, SFE produced oil enriched in medium-chain fatty acids, particularly lauric acid, and enabled efficient recovery of tocols. The maximum tocol content (354.94 mg/kg), with the highest α-tocopherol concentration, was observed at the same temperature and pressure but with larger particle size. In contrast, Soxhlet extraction yielded higher levels of β- and γ-tocopherols. These findings demonstrate that SFE is a sustainable and efficient method for extracting high-value oils and antioxidants from carnauba seeds, highlighting its potential to support bioeconomic development and the conservation of native biomes.