We study \(\ell _\infty \) -valued and \(\ell _1\) -valued noncommutative symmetric spaces. We define related Hardy spaces of noncommutative martingales, show duality and interpolation properties of these spaces. Using these results, we give a direct proof of algebraic atomic decompositions and Davis-type decompositions within the context of Hardy spaces affiliated with separable noncommutative symmetric spaces, which constitute an interpolation of the \((L_p, L_q)\) pair for \(1< p \le q < 2\) . We also derive a version of Doob maximal inequality associated with symmetric spaces of measurable operators.