<p>Tingley’s problem asks whether every surjective isometry between two unit spheres of Banach spaces can be extended to a surjective real linear isometry between the whole spaces. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{A_\mu \}_{\mu \in M}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{A_{\nu }\}_{\nu \in N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be two collections of uniformly closed extremely C-regular subspaces. In this paper, we prove that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a surjective isometry between two unit spheres of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell ^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-sums of uniformly closed extremely C-regular subspaces <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{A_{\mu }\}_{\mu \in M}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{A_{\nu }\}_{\nu \in N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> admits an extension to a surjective real linear isometry between the whole spaces. Typical examples of such Banach spaces <i>B</i> are <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1(I)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of all continuously differentiable complex-valued functions on the closed unit interval <i>I</i> equipped with the norm <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="163" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert f\Vert _{1}=|f(0)|+\Vert f'\Vert _{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f\in C^1(I)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^{(n)}(I)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of all <i>n</i>-times continuously differentiable complex-valued functions on <i>I</i> with the norm <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="241" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert f\Vert _{1}=\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}|f^{(k)}(0)|+~\Vert f^{(n)}\Vert _{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^{n}(I)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell ^1(\mathbb {N})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of all complex-valued functions on the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of all natural numbers with the norm <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="146" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert a\Vert _{1}=\sum _{n\in \mathbb {N}}|a(n)|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_427_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a\in \ell ^1(\mathbb {N})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Tingley’s problem for the direct sum of uniformly closed extremely C-regular subspaces with the \(\ell ^{1}\)-sum norm

  • Daisuke Hirota

摘要

Tingley’s problem asks whether every surjective isometry between two unit spheres of Banach spaces can be extended to a surjective real linear isometry between the whole spaces. Let \(\{A_\mu \}_{\mu \in M}\) { A μ } μ M and \(\{A_{\nu }\}_{\nu \in N}\) { A ν } ν N be two collections of uniformly closed extremely C-regular subspaces. In this paper, we prove that if \(\Delta \) Δ is a surjective isometry between two unit spheres of \(\ell ^1\) 1 -sums of uniformly closed extremely C-regular subspaces \(\{A_{\mu }\}_{\mu \in M}\) { A μ } μ M and \(\{A_{\nu }\}_{\nu \in N}\) { A ν } ν N , then \(\Delta \) Δ admits an extension to a surjective real linear isometry between the whole spaces. Typical examples of such Banach spaces B are \(C^1(I)\) C 1 ( I ) of all continuously differentiable complex-valued functions on the closed unit interval I equipped with the norm \(\Vert f\Vert _{1}=|f(0)|+\Vert f'\Vert _{\infty }\) f 1 = | f ( 0 ) | + f for \(f\in C^1(I)\) f C 1 ( I ) , \(C^{(n)}(I)\) C ( n ) ( I ) of all n-times continuously differentiable complex-valued functions on I with the norm \(\Vert f\Vert _{1}=\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}|f^{(k)}(0)|+~\Vert f^{(n)}\Vert _{\infty }\) f 1 = k = 0 n - 1 | f ( k ) ( 0 ) | + f ( n ) for \(C^{n}(I)\) C n ( I ) , and \(\ell ^1(\mathbb {N})\) 1 ( N ) of all complex-valued functions on the set \(\mathbb {N}\) N of all natural numbers with the norm \(\Vert a\Vert _{1}=\sum _{n\in \mathbb {N}}|a(n)|\) a 1 = n N | a ( n ) | for \(a\in \ell ^1(\mathbb {N})\) a 1 ( N ) .