<p>Let <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i> be complex normed spaces. A mapping <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:X\rightarrow Y\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is called a <i>min-phase-isometry</i> with respect to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {T}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if <Equation ID="Equ13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \min \{ \Vert f(x) - \lambda f(y)\Vert :\lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\}= \min \{\Vert x - \lambda y\Vert :\lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\}\quad (x, y \in X), \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">min</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">min</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {T}_n:=\{\textrm{e}^{i\frac{2k\pi }{n}}:k = 1,\dots ,n\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as the set of the <i>n</i>-th roots of unity. We show that if a surjective min-phase-isometry <i>f</i> has the Max-Functional-Equality Property (MFEP), meaning that for every norm-attaining functional <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{X^*}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <msup> <mi>X</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \in S_{Y^*}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <Equation ID="Equ14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \max \{\textrm{Re}\,\varphi (\lambda f(x)) : \lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\} = \max \{\textrm{Re} \,\phi (\lambda x) : \lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x\in X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> there exists a phase-function <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma : X \rightarrow \mathbb {T}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that the mapping <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \cdot f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a linear or an anti-linear isometry. Furthermore, we show that if <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i> are smooth spaces, then every surjective min-phase-isometry <i>f</i> has the MFEP.</p>

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Min-phase-isometries on complex normed spaces

  • Dongni Tan,
  • Xiaoyong Han,
  • Xujian Huang

摘要

Let X and Y be complex normed spaces. A mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) f : X Y is called a min-phase-isometry with respect to \(\mathbb {T}_n\) T n if \(\begin{aligned} \min \{ \Vert f(x) - \lambda f(y)\Vert :\lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\}= \min \{\Vert x - \lambda y\Vert :\lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\}\quad (x, y \in X), \end{aligned}\) min { f ( x ) - λ f ( y ) : λ T n } = min { x - λ y : λ T n } ( x , y X ) , where \(\mathbb {T}_n:=\{\textrm{e}^{i\frac{2k\pi }{n}}:k = 1,\dots ,n\}\) T n : = { e i 2 k π n : k = 1 , , n } as the set of the n-th roots of unity. We show that if a surjective min-phase-isometry f has the Max-Functional-Equality Property (MFEP), meaning that for every norm-attaining functional \(\phi \) ϕ of \(S_{X^*}\) S X , there exists \(\varphi \in S_{Y^*}\) φ S Y such that \(\begin{aligned} \max \{\textrm{Re}\,\varphi (\lambda f(x)) : \lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\} = \max \{\textrm{Re} \,\phi (\lambda x) : \lambda \in \mathbb {T}_n\} \end{aligned}\) max { Re φ ( λ f ( x ) ) : λ T n } = max { Re ϕ ( λ x ) : λ T n } for all \(x\in X\) x X , then for \(n\ge 3\) n 3 there exists a phase-function \(\sigma : X \rightarrow \mathbb {T}_n\) σ : X T n such that the mapping \(\sigma \cdot f\) σ · f is a linear or an anti-linear isometry. Furthermore, we show that if X and Y are smooth spaces, then every surjective min-phase-isometry f has the MFEP.